JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus 2025 (Updated)

Unit

Title

Content

UNIT I

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory, Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound, Laws of chemical combination, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT 2

ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect, spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of ahydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of thedifferent orbits, limitations of Bohr's model, dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberguncertainty principle, elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atomand its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions, variation of 2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals, various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentumand magneticquantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantumnumber, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle andHund'srule, electronic configuration of elements and extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

UNIT 3

CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculationoflattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment, Valence Shell ElectronPairRepulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, theconcept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals, resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomicmolecules, the concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding and its applications.

UNIT 4

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Fundamentals of thermodynamics, laws of thermodynamics, enthalpies of different processes, Gibbs free energy, and equilibrium constant.

UNIT 5

SOLUTIONS

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law- Ideal andnonideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non- ideal solutions, Colligativeproperties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, theelevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure, determination of molecular mass using colligativeproperties, abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its sig

UNIT 6

EQUILIBRIUM

Meaning of equilibrium is the concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's law. General characteristics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibriumconstants (KpandKc) and their significance, the significance of ΔG and ΔG° in chemical equilibrium, factors affectingequilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, the effect of catalyst, Le Chatelier’s principle. Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids andbases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (includingmultistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ioneffect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts, solubility productsand buffer solutions.

UNIT 7

REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigningoxidation number and balancing of redox reactions. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities andtheirvariation with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law and its applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentialsincluding standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell anditsmeasurement, Nernst equation and its applications, relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energychange, dry cell and lead accumulator, fuel cells. 

UNIT 8

CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressureand catalyst, elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rateconstant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order reactions, theircharacteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bi-molecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

UNIT 9

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

Modern periodic law, periodic trends, ionization enthalpy, and oxidation states.

UNIT 10

p-BLOCK ELEMENTS

Group -13 to Group 18 Elements General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical propertiesofelements across the periods and down the groups, unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

UNIT 11

d- AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS

Transition Elements - General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements - physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. Inner Transition Elements Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and Lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

UNIT 12

COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's theory, ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism, Bonding: Valencebond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties, importanceofcoordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems)

UNIT 13

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography-principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae, numerical problems in organic quantitativeanalysis,

UNIT 14

SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p): classification of organiccompounds based on functional groups and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic, free radicals, carbocations and carbanions, stabilityofcarbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination 

UNIT 15

HYDROCARBONS

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane), mechanismof halogenationofalkanes. Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism, mechanism of electrophilic addition, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect), Ozonolysis and polymerization. Alkynes - Acidic character, addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides, polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity, mechanismof electrophilicsubstitution, halogenation, nitration. Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono- substitutedbenzene.

UNIT 16

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

Preparation, reactions, environmental effects of halogenated compounds.

UNIT 17

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions and uses. ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS AND ETHERS Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, halogenation, nitration and sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction. Ethers: Structure. Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group, nucleophilic addition to >C=Ogroup, relativereactivities of aldehydes and ketones, important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions(addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction (Wolf Kishner andClemmensen), the acidity of � -hydrogen. Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloformreaction, chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

UNIT 18

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

Amines, diazonium salts, and their significance in organic synthesis.

UNIT 19

BIOMOLECULES

General introduction and importance of biomolecules. CARBOHYDRATES – Classification, aldoses and ketoses, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) andconstituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose and maltose). PROTEINS - Elementary idea of � -amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. VITAMINS – Classification and functions. NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA, biological functions of nucleic acids. Hormones (General introduction)

UNIT 20

PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds, detectionof thefollowing functional groups, hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds.  The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds, Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.  The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4  Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis: Cations – Pb 2+, Cu 2+, Al3+ , Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Ni2+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mg 2+ , NH4+ Anions- CO3 2− , S 2-, SO4 2− , NO3 -, NO2 -, Cl -, Br -, I - ( Insoluble salts excluded). Chemical principles involved in the following experiments: 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4 2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. 3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols. 4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.

Subject

Removed Chapters

Chemistry

• Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision, and accuracy, significant figures

• States of Matter

• Thomson and Rutherford's atomic models and their limitations

• Surface Chemistry

• s-Block Elements

• General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Metals

• Hydrogen

• Environmental Chemistry

• Polymers

• Chemistry in Everyday Life

Topic

Number of Questions

Marks

Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry

3

12

Periodic Table and Representative Elements

3

12

Thermodynamics and Gaseous State

2

8

Atomic Structure

2

8

Chemical Bonding

2

8

Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium

2

8

Nuclear Chemistry and Environment

2

8

Mole Concept

1

4

Redox Reactions

1

4

Electrochemistry

1

4

Chemical Kinetics

1

4

Solutions and Colligative Properties

1

4

General Organic Chemistry

1

4

Stereochemistry

1

4

Hydrocarbons

1

4

Alkyl Halides

1

4

Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives

1

4

Carbohydrates and Amino Acids

1

4

Aromatic Compounds

1

4

Name of the Book

Author/Publications

Reasons Why This Book Stands Out as the Best Choice for JEE Main Chemistry

NCERT Textbook 

NCERT

It covers up almost everything. It is the best book for the basic concepts and practice.

Modern Approach to Chemical Calculations

R C Mukherjee

Physical Chemistry Numericals are the best in this book. 

Organic Chemistry

O P Tandon

Each and every topic are well explained in this book.

Concise Inorganic Chemistry

J. D. Lee

This is the best book for the concepts of Inorganic Chemistry.

Concept of Physical Chemistry

P Bahadur

Along with the concepts, this book provides numerous exercises to practise.

Physical Chemistry

P.W. Atkins

This book is excellent for extra practice exercises in physical chemistry.

Organic Chemistry

Morrison & Boyd

Ideal for those seeking extra practice in organic chemistry.

Numerical Chemistry 22/e

P Bahadur

Recommended by JEE Mains toppers, this book is one of the best resources for numerical problems.

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