Difference Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - Overview
Photosynthesis and respiration are two essential biological processes that help sustain life on our planet. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose, releasing oxygen as a by-product. Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of almost all living organisms, breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Despite being closely connected, these processes are almost opposite in their overall reactions. One produces oxygen (photosynthesis), while the other consumes it (respiration). Both are vital for the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Equation
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration equation for photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration equation for respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
These two equations show in which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different—the reactants of one are the products of the other.
Key Differences between Photosynthesis and Respiration in Table Form
Additional Insights
Interdependence: Plants produce the oxygen needed for respiration, and all organisms (including plants at night) produce carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
Role in Atmosphere: Photosynthesis helps reduce carbon dioxide levels and increase oxygen levels, while respiration balances this by releasing carbon dioxide and consuming oxygen.
Energy Flow: Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy input to the biosphere, capturing light energy and storing it in glucose. Respiration releases this stored energy for growth, reproduction, and other cellular activities.
Quiz (With Answers)
Try this short quiz to check your understanding:
Which organelle in plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Ribosome
D) Nucleus
Answer: B) Chloroplast
Which gas is taken in during aerobic cellular respiration?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
Answer: B) Oxygen
Name the main energy-carrying molecule produced by cellular respiration.
A) ATP
B) Glucose
C) ADP
D) NADH
Answer: A) ATP
Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Oxygen
C) ATP
D) Water
Answer: B) Oxygen
Related Topics
FAQs on Complete Difference Between Photosynthesis and Respiration
1. Why is photosynthesis considered an anabolic process?
Photosynthesis is called anabolic because it builds complex molecules (glucose) from simpler ones (carbon dioxide and water) using energy from sunlight.
2. Do plants also respire like animals?
Yes, plants do respire just like other organisms. They use the glucose produced during photosynthesis and oxygen to generate ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water in the process.
3. Which organisms can perform photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is carried out by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria (like cyanobacteria). These organisms contain chlorophyll or similar pigments to capture light energy.
4. Why is ATP important in cellular respiration?
ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It stores and transports the energy needed for many biochemical reactions in all living organisms.
5. Can photosynthesis occur without sunlight?
No, photosynthesis needs light energy to drive the reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. In the absence of sunlight, plants cannot carry out photosynthesis.
