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The Four Mains Functions of the Digestive System:
Digestion and absorption is the main function of the digestive system. Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller molecules, which are absorbed into the body. The alimentary canal is a continuous tube with two holes: the mouth and anus. It includes the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. The food passed in the digestive tract or lumen technically does not enter the body until when it enters the walls of the digestive tract and hence passes through the blood or lymphatic arteries. Key Functions of the digestive system include:
Motility- Food moves through the digestive canal, due to a process known as peristalsis, which involves the action of muscles in the GI tract that transport food to the digestive system. Through the evacuation of undigested waste from the body, incoming nutrients are broken down and mixed.
Secretion- It is the release of enzymes, hormones, and other chemicals that aid in the digestion of food by the body. Hormones signal the body to generate digestive juices and notify the brain whether you're on an empty stomach or full.
Digestion- Proteins, lipids, carbs, vitamins, minerals, and water are all broken down into molecules small enough to pass through the digestive fluid and into the bloodstream during digestion. The digestive juices that we consume for energy, development, and cell repair break down the meal.
Amino acids are formed when proteins are broken down.
When fats are broken down, fatty acids and glycerol are produced.
Simple sugars are formed when carbohydrates are broken down.
Absorption- Digested carbohydrates travel from the gut to the circulation, where they are transported by the circulatory or lymphatic systems throughout the body for usage or storage.
The lymphatic system absorbs fatty acids and vitamins.
The blood transports simple carbohydrates, amino acids, glycerol, and some vitamins and minerals to the liver.
When these nutrients are needed, the liver stores metabolizes, and delivers them to the body.
More About the Topic
The food that you eat makes a long journey through your body. It moves from the top of your mouth to the bottom of your anus. You may want to refer to the digestive system diagram to understand the complete route. Along its incredible journey, the beneficial parts of your food get absorbed. This helps to give your body the necessary energy and essential nutrients.
The digestive system is uniquely designed to do its job, which is to turn the food into energy and nutrients that are essential for survival. Once the body absorbs the essential substances, it packages the solid waste for disposal through a bowel movement. Many organs work in complete harmony to let the digestive system function.
Here is the Complete Human Digestive System Diagram:
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Mouth
The digestive system diagram labeled starts from the mouth. In fact, your body starts the digestive process before even you take your first bite of food. The salivary glands get active as you see or smell food. When you start to eat, you chew the food into small pieces so that it gets digested easily. The saliva gets mixed with the food which helps to break down the food into a form that the body can absorb. When you swallow the food, the tongue passes the food into the throat, and then the food moves to the esophagus.
Esophagus
The esophagus is located in the throat, and it is placed near the windpipe or the trachea. The esophagus receives the food that you swallow. Many muscular contractions occur within the esophagus that delivers the food to the stomach. There is also a ring-like muscle or the lower esophageal sphincter that lets the food into the esophagus. When the sphincter contracts it prevents the food from flowing back from the stomach to the esophagus.
Stomach
The stomach is a hollow container in the digestive system labeled diagram, and it holds the food that gets passed down from the esophagus. This is where the food gets mixed with the enzymes in the stomach. The enzyme breaks the food down into a form that can be used.
There are cells in the stomach lining that secrete a powerful and strong acidic enzyme that is responsible for breaking down the food. When the food contents in the stomach get processed, then these get released and move to the small intestine.
Small Intestine
The small intestine is a muscular tissue 22 feet long, and it is divided into three segments. These are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Here food is broken down further with the enzymes that are released from the pancreas and bile that is released by the liver. The food also gets mixed with the digestive juices that get released by the liver and the pancreas. The duodenum segment is responsible for breaking down the food continuously. The jejunum and the ileum are present in the lower intestine and are responsible for nutrient absorption into the bloodstream. After the nutrient from food gets absorbed, the leftover residue of food passes through the small intestine and into the colon or the large intestine.
Pancreas
Digestive enzymes get secreted from the pancreas into the duodenum. This helps in breaking down fat, protein, and carbohydrates. The pancreases are also responsible for making insulin that gets passed into the bloodstream. Insulin is a hormone that helps to mobilize the sugar in your body.
Liver
There are many functions that the liver performs in the digestive process, but its main role is to process the nutrients that get absorbed by the small intestine. The bile that gets secreted from the liver into the small intestine helps to digest fat and other vitamins. The liver also detoxifies any harmful chemicals in food.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder is the place where the bile released from the liver is stored and concentrated. This is released into the duodenum present in the small intestine which helps to absorb and digest the fat.
Colon (Large Intestine)
The colon or the large intestine is responsible for processing the waste to make it easy to empty your bowel. The colon is a muscular tube that is 6 feet long and connects the small intestine and the rectum. When the colon is full of stool, it then empties all the contents in the rectum where the bowel movement begins.
Rectum
The rectum is 8-inch long and straight, and it connects the colon to the anus. The rectum receives the stool, and it holds on to it until the process of evacuation.
Anus
The anus is the final part of the digestive tract, which is 2 inches in length. The lining in the upper anus detects any content in the rectal. The anus has the sphincter muscles that let you control the stool. When there is an urge to go to the bathroom, the external sphincter holds on to the stool till you reach the bathroom where it relaxes and releases the contents.
When you draw and label a diagram of the digestive system, you will be able to visualize these clearly.
FAQs on Human Digestive System
1. What is the Importance of Digestion?
Digestion lets the body get the essential nutrients from the food and drinks that you consume. This is important to stay healthy. The digestive system breaks the nutrients received from food into small parts that can be absorbed by the body and be used to get energy for cell repair and growth. The liver is one of the most important organs in our body which ensures that the pigments it secretes help us in the disintegration of food which will lead to digestion. This 3-pound organ, football-sized is determined to keep your body functional.
2. How Does the Digestive System Work?
Every part of the digestive system will move the food and the liquid through the GI tract and then break the food and the liquid into small parts. This lets the body absorb what it needs and where it needs it. The large intestine absorbs the water and water and converts the water to stool. The hormones and nerves are responsible for controlling the entire digestive process. The passage of food through the GI tract leads to the mixing of food with the digestive juices which helps in the breakdown of food into smaller molecules of the food itself.
3. How Does the Food Move through the GI Tract?
Peristalsis is the process through which food moves through the GI tract. Peristalsis allows the large, hollow organs of the GI tract to retain or contain a muscle layer which leads to the movement of their walls. This movement ensures that the food and liquid are pushed through your GI tract and leads to the mixing of the contents within each organ. These muscular contractions termed peristalsis help the digestive process by digestion into a bolus. The small and the large intestine are both included where the liquid finally enters the large intestine and turns into faeces.
4. How Does the Body Control the Digestion Process?
The nerves and the hormones help to control the entire digestive process. The signals flow within and back and forth from the brain to the GI tract. A well-labelled diagram of the human digestive system can give you a better idea. The digestive system is mainly controlled by the hormones that the cell linings in your stomach and small intestine make which when released controls the digestive system. The hormones behave as the guide to the digestive juices that are secreted and send signals to the brain that a person is hungry or full.
5. How is the Body Capable of Breaking the Food into Small Parts?
When the food moves through the GI tract, the digestive organs in the body break the food into small parts. Motion like mixing, squeezing and chewing helps to break down the food. Also, the digestive juices play a major role in breaking down the food. The glands in your stomach make stomach acid and digestive enzymes. Your abdominal muscles mix food with these digestive juices. Predators. Your pancreas produces digestive juices that contain enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
