Important Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Biomolecules

1 Marks Questions

1. Which is the important energy carrier in the cell? 

Ans: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 

2. Name the monomer subunits which form Nucleic acids? 

Ans: Nucleotide 

3. What are macromolecules? Give an example. 

Ans: Macromolecules are big complicated molecules found in intercellular fluid in colloidal form. They are polymeric since they are generated by the condensation of low molecular weight macromolecules. Examples: polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids. 

4. Identify the polymer which makes the exoskeleton of insects. 

Ans: Chitin is a glucosamine polymer that forms the exoskeleton of insects. 

5. Name the following: i) sugar present in DNA ii) Base not found in DNA. 

Ans: 

1. Deoxyribose sugar 

2. Uracil

6. Why are proteins called biological polymers? 

Ans: Proteins are referred to as biological polymers because they can perform numerous activities such as protection, mechanical support, transportation, and mobility.

7. Which molecule has the capacity to duplicate? 

Ans: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

8. Name the abundant proteins in the biosphere? 

Ans: RUBISCO 

9. Lipids are not biomacromolecules, why? 

Ans: Since the molecular weight of lipids does not reach 800, they are not biomacromolecules.

10. Which lipid can cause heart ailment? 

Ans: Cholesterol 

11. What are micro-nutrients? 

Ans: Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals that the body needs in small amounts. Example: Mn, Co, Zn, B, etc. 

12. Why do oils generally remain in a liquid state even in winters? 

Ans: Oils are considered unsaturated lipids, so they have lower melting points. 

13. Name an element found in proteins but not in lipids and carbohydrates. 

Ans: Nitrogen 

14. What is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of the nitrogenous base? 

Ans: RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil whereas DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. So, RNA has uracil instead of thymine. 

15. What does an enzyme do in terms of the energy requirement of a reaction? 

Ans: The main function of enzymes in terms of the energy requirement of a reaction is to lower the activation energy of the reaction. 

16. What is the function of ATP in cell metabolism? 

Ans: ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the cell's energy currency. It is a molecule having unstable high-energy bonds.

17. Name the protein which forms the intercellular ground substance. 

Ans: Collagen.

2 Marks Questions

1. Differentiate between nucleotides & nucleosides?

Ans: 

2. How are glycosidic bonds formed? 

Ans: A monosaccharide's glycosidic or ketone group can combine and bond with an alcoholic group of another organic chemical to connect the two components. This is referred to as a glycosidic bond.

3. What do you mean by the steady-state? 

Ans: An open system is always in a steady-state, which means that the rate of energy and matter input is always equal to the rate of energy and matter output.

4. What is metabolism? Mention the role of enzymes in metabolism? 

Ans: Metabolism is described as the combination of the body's life functions. Enzymes are responsible for directing metabolic pathways. Catalysts are enzymes. Enzymes are organic catalysts that are highly specialized and are created by living cells. Biochemical pathways are the sequences of reactions that occur in cells. Enzymes direct metabolic pathways in the desired direction. They have an active site. The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex.

5. Why are enzymes called biocatalysts? 

Ans: Catalysts are chemicals that affect the rate of a chemical reaction without changing the equilibrium point of the reaction. Enzymes are the organism's catalysts, and they are created in the live cell. As a result, they are referred to as biocatalysts.

6. Give the functions of carbohydrates? 

Ans:

1. Carbohydrates play an important role in all metabolic reactions in the body and are generated as intermediate chemicals in process pathways. 

2. Nucleic acids contain ribose and deoxyribose sugars. 

3. During breathing, glucose is oxidized to provide energy. 

4. Glucose is used in the production of both lipids and proteins.

7. What do you mean by activation energy? 

Ans: The energy necessary to start a chemical or biological reaction is known as activation energy. Activation energy eliminates the energy barriers of the reactants, which occur due to the presence of electrons on their surface and the lack of precise and powerful collisions required to bring the reactive sites of the chemical together.

8. List the different types of lipids. 

Ans: Lipids are classified into three types: 

1. Simple Lipids: they are alcohols or triglycerides containing fatty acid and glycerol.

2. Ingredient Lipids: These are simple lipids that contain a physiologically active compound, for example. Lipoprotein (protein + lipids), glycolipids (carbohydrate lipids) 

3.  Derived Lipids: These are hydrolyzed derivatives of simple lipids such as fatty acids and alcohol.

9. Enlist three properties of enzymes? 

Ans:

1. An enzyme is substrate-specific and catalyzes only one reaction due to the unique shape of the active site and substrate. 

2. Each enzyme requires a specific temperature to work properly. 

3. The enzymes are pH sensitive, and each enzyme exhibits maximum activity at a certain pH known as the optimum pH.

10. Enumerate differences between DNA & RNA?

Ans: 

11. Why are monosaccharide’s sugars known as reducing sugars? 

Ans: Since monosaccharide’s sugar have a free aldehyde or ketone group and can reduce Cu2+to Cu+. They are known for reducing sugars. Since disaccharides, such as sucrose, do not reduce Cu2+ to Cu+, they are not reducing sugars.

12. How does temperature affect enzyme catalysed reaction? 

Ans: The speed of enzyme action is affected by temperature. Due to denaturation, there is a dramatic drop in enzyme activity when the temperature rises. Most enzymatic reactions take place below 450C.

13. What is enzymatic competitive inhibition? Give one example? 

Ans: Inhibitors are substances that block the enzyme from functioning. Enzymatic competitive inhibition is performed by the substrate, which has a molecular structure that is highly similar to the substrate. 

Enzyme+InhibitorEnzyme Inhibitor Complex

For example, Malonate inhibits the function of succinate dehydrogenase because it is chemically similar to succinate substrate.

14. Why are amino acids also known as substituted methane? 

Ans: Amino acids are substituted methane because they have four substituent groups: hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group, and a variable group. These four substituents are situated on the -carbon and hence are known as - amino acids. 

15. Amino acids exist as zwitterions. Give its structure. Why is it formed? 

Ans: A zwitterion is a molecule with both positively and negatively charged components but no net electrical charge. It is formed due to the ionizable nature of the carboxylic and amino group, that is, -COOH and -NH2 group.

16. Why does starch give a blue-black colour with iodine?

Ans: Amylose, a component of starch, is responsible for the creation of a deep blue colour when iodine is present. 

17. Why are starch and glycogen more suitable than glucose as a storage product? 

Ans: Starch and glycogen are better storage products than glucose because they take up less space as less bulky, and can be hydrolyzed to glucose as needed.

18. What would happen when salivary amylase acts on starch in the mouth and the stomach? 

Ans: Salivary amylase converts starch to maltose in the mouth. Amylase activity ceases in the stomach because it cannot function in an acidic environment.

19. Differentiate between homopolysaccharides and heterosaccharides.

Ans: 

20. Why do physicians recommend vegetable oils rich in polyunsaturated fat for persons suffering from cardiovascular diseases? 

Ans: Polyunsaturated oils having fatty acids with one or more double bonds, which do not block arteries due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content.

21. Why does the shelf life of fruits and vegetables increase in a refrigerator? 

Ans: Since at low-temperature enzymes are inactivated, low temperatures restrict the growth of food ruining microorganisms and also suppress the function of enzymes in food.

3 Marks Questions

1. Enumerate the functions of lipids? 

Ans: 

1. The majority of plant and animal lipids contain storage compounds. Fat is primarily stored in adipose cells in animals.

2. During seed germination, oil in oilseed plants offers sustenance to the growing embryo. Cooking uses the oil derived from these seeds.

3. Fats give the body energy.

4. Fats act as insulators, keeping the body warm. It is deposited beneath the skin. 

5. Phospholipids are structural components of all bio-membranes in the cell.

6. Cholesterol serves as a precursor for the synthesis of a variety of hormones, vitamins, and bile salts.

7. The lipids that make up the white matter, grey matter, and myelin sheath of neurons.

2. Describe the lock & key hypothesis of enzyme action? 

Ans: Fischer's lock and key hypothesis of enzyme activity state that if the proper key fits in the right lock, the lock can be opened; otherwise, the lock cannot be unlocked. To interpret the preceding in the context of enzyme function, it is assumed that molecules have precise geometric forms. Proteins can operate as enzymes because their form creates a space configuration into which other molecules can fit. The compounds that are acted on by enzymes are referred to as enzyme substrates.

Only substrate molecules with the proper geometric shape can fit into the active site of the enzymes, according to the aforementioned premise. However, under certain conditions, other molecules that are similar to the substrate might potentially bind with the active site of the enzyme. In such instances, molecules may compete with the substrate, causing the process to slow or cease. This is known as competitive inhibition.

3. Describe the structure & function of ATP? 

Ans: ATP is the primary and universal carrier of chemical energy in the cell. Living cells capture, store, and transport energy in a chemical form, primarily ATP, and it is ATP that serves as a carrier and intermediate source of chemical energy to those reactions in the cell that do not occur simultaneously. Only when chemical energy is released can these reactions occur.

The ATP molecule is made up of a nitrogenous base called adenine, a pentose sugar called ribose, and three inorganic phosphate molecules. Two phosphate bonds have a high energy level and one has a low energy level.

The energy released in a living cell is therefore kept in the chemical bonds of the ATP molecule, which then serves as the cell's primary energy generating and energy-demanding material. ATP is broken down into ADP when energy is needed.

ATPADP+ip+energy

4. Differentiate between cofactors, coenzymes & prosthetic groups.

Ans: 

5. How do enzymes bring about a high rate of chemical conversions? 

Ans: Enzymes are known as biological system catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions or their rates. Enzymes bind to the substrate, and the resulting ‘enzyme-substrate complex has lower activation energy, implying that the ‘amount of energy required to activate the chemical process is smaller, and thus the process is faster. The lower the activation energy, the faster the chemical reactions. 

6. What are nucleic acids? Describe the structure of DNA. 

Ans: The acid-soluble component of live tissue contains nucleic acids. They are deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide linear polymers. A nucleotide is made up of three different parts.

DNA is a double-stranded structure made up of deoxyribonucleotide polymers. The nucleic acid backbone is made up of alternating pentose sugar and phosphate groups. 

1. he steps consist of the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, as well as hydrogen bonds, holding two strands together.

2. Two strands are mutually complementary.

3. They operate in an antiparallel fashion.

4. All organisms include genetic material.

5. It can replicate.

6. At one end of the strand, 5-c of pentose sugar is free; at the other end, pentose's third carbon is free.

7.

1. What is an enzyme? 

Ans: 

1. Enzymes are biological catalysts that naturally speed up chemical reactions.

2. Give an example of coenzymes. 

3.  The examples of co-enzyme are NADP, NAD. 

4. Distinguish between apoenzyme and coenzyme. 

5. Apoenzymes are enzymes that only function in the presence of cofactors. Whereas a coenzyme is an organic non-protein cofactor that can be easily separated from the apoenzyme.

5 Marks Questions

1. Explain briefly four levels of protein structure? 

Ans: The four levels of protein structures are explained below:

1. Primary Structure:

A protein occurs as a long chain of amino acids organized in a certain sequence. For example, the polypeptide is non-functional.

2. Secondary Structure: 

The first amino acid is known as N-terminal amino acid, while the last is known as C-terminal amino acid. Every fourth amino acid interacts with another by forming a hydrogen bond, and the polypeptide is folded in a helical shape, as in keratin. When two or more polypeptide chains are joined together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, a pleated sheet structure is formed.

3. Tertiary Structure: 

The polypeptide is stabilized by folding and coating, which results in the creation of ionic bonds, hydrophobic bonds, or disulfide bridges. It is referred to as a tertiary structure. It displays proteins in three dimensions. The biological activity of a protein is determined by its tertiary structure. 

4. Quaternary Structure: 

These proteins are made up of several polypeptides or subunits, each with its primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. This is referred to as a quaternary structure. Each polypeptide chain serves as a protein component.

Important Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Benefits for the Students of Class 11 CBSE

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1. This important question and answer study material will be very much helpful for the students as they can now study these various important topics in the form of questions and answers from this study material. 

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Topics Covered

The topics which are covered in this chapter are as follows:

• Definition of biomolecule

• How to analyse the chemical composition

• Primary and secondary metabolites biomacromolecule

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• Protein

• Monomer

• Metabolic process

• Living state

• Enzyme

• Nature of enzyme activity

• Factor affecting enzymes

• Cofactors

Important Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Extra Solved Questions and Answers

1. Name one sugar and amino acid.

Ans. One sugar and amino acid are as follows:

Sugar - Lactose

Amino Acid - Leucine

2. How many types of biomolecules are there?

Ans. There are four major types of biomolecules and these are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.

3. Which element is found largely in one organism?

Ans. Water is found largely in one organism. 

Preparation Tips for the CBSE Class 11 Students to Study Biology

The tips for the CBSE Class 11 students to study Biology are as follows:

1. The students are required to attain complete conceptual knowledge on the subject matter of Biology. 

2. The students should know which are the more important topics and which are less important; they must prioritise their study accordingly. 

3. Students should practise diagrams and write theoretical answers. 

4. They must practice with the sample and mock test papers. 

Conclusion

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