TB Full Form

TB's full name in medicine is tuberculosis. It is a contagious disease caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. Tuberculosis usually affects the lungs but also causes other parts of the body. Most of the time it does not show any symptoms, in such cases it is referred to as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of the latent infection transforms to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those affected diseases. The basic symptoms of tuberculosis are chronic cough, blood containing mucus, night sweats, mucus, and weight loss.

What is the Full Form of TB?

The full form of TB is tuberculosis.

What is Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is caused by the tubercle bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacillus spreads slowly and widely in the lungs, causing the formation of hard nodules ( tubercles) or large cheese-like masses that break down the respiratory tissues and form cavities in the lungs. Blood vessels can also be eroded by the advancing ( tubercles) disease, causing the infected person to cough up bright red blood. 

Common Tuberculosis Symptoms

• Cough that last for more than 2 weeks with green, yellow or bloody sputum

• Fatigue

• Weight Loss

• Fever

• Night Sweats

• Pain in the Chest

• Shortness of breath

Additional symptoms can also be seen if the disease has affected beyond the lungs and chest. For example, if the lymph nodes are affected, there will be swelling of glands at the side of the neck or underarms.

How do Tuberculosis Spread and Diagnose?

Tuberculosis is spread from one person to another through the air when people have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, sneeze, or speak.  People having latent tuberculosis do not spread the disease. Active tuberculosis infection occurs more in people with HIV/ AIDS or in those who smoke. The active TB disease can be diagnosed through chest x rays as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. On the other hand, latent TB disease can be diagnosed through a tuberculin skin test or blood test.

Tuberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis can be treated by using antibiotics that kill the bacteria. Effective treatment of TB is unavailable because of the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterium cell wall, which prevents the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. 

Active tuberculosis can be treated with combinations of several antibiotics to minimize the risk of the bacteria developing antibiotic resistance. The regular use of rifabutin rather than rifampicin in HIV-positive people with tuberculosis has been unclear since 2007.

Latent TB is treated either by using isoniazid or rifampin alone or by a combination of isoniazid with rifampicin or rifapentine.

This treatment can take up to 3 years depending on the medication used. People with latent infection are treated to prevent them from progressing to active TB disease later in life.

Timely education and counseling may improve the latent tuberculosis infection rate.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

If tuberculosis infection becomes active, it commonly affects the lungs ( in about 90% of cases). The symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis include pain in the chest and prolonged cough-producing sputum.  About 25% of people do not get any symptoms (i.e they remain asymptomatic). Occasionally people find blood while coughing in small amounts, and in very rare cases the infection may erode to pulmonary arteries which results in massive bleeding. Tuberculosis may become a chronic illness and can cause extensive panic in the upper lobes of the lungs. The upper lung lobes are more frequently affected than the lower lobes. The reason for this difference is still unclear. It may be due to either better airflow or poor lymph drainage within the upper lungs. 

Extrapulmonary  Tuberculosis

In 15-20% of extrapulmonary cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. They are collectively known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This type of TB more commonly occurs in young children and people with weakened immune systems. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis more commonly occurs in people suffering from HIV. 

Disseminated Tuberculosis

Disseminated Tuberculosis, also known as military tuberculosis, is a potentially more serious and widespread form of tuberculosis. Disseminated Tuberculosis makes about  10% of the extrapulmonary cases.

TB Full Form in Computer

TB's full form in the computer is Terabyte. A terabyte is a unit of measurement in computers. One terabyte is equivalent to 1000 Gigabyte (GB) or a trillion (1,000,000,000,000) bytes and 1000 terabytes make one petabyte.  

Large organizations generally use terabytes of storage to hold large amounts of data. People at home might use terabytes for backups. An external hard disk can be several terabytes. Generally, one terabyte of space costs $50.

How much Data can 1 Terabyte Hold?

The average user stores a combination of photos, documents, and videos. When you are setting a backup plan either - to save device space or save a file it is difficult to estimate how many photos and videos one terabyte can hold. Terabyte gives you the option of storing approximately

• 250,000 pictures captured with a 12 MP camera.

• 250 movies or 500 hours of HD videos.

• 6.5 million document pages, generally saved as office files, PDF, and presentations.