Later Mughals

The Mughal emperors, also known as Moghuls, founded and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, including (now known as) India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. From the ancient year 1526, the Mughals ruled parts of India, and by 1700, they controlled the majority of the subcontinent. They rapidly declined after that but nominally ruled territories until 1850. The Mughals were a Central Asian branch of the Turco-Mongol Timurid kingdom. 

Babur, a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (modern-day Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of Timur (commonly referred to as Tamerlane in western nations) and was connected to Genghis Khan through Timur's marriage to a Genghisid princess. As emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses, many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances. 

For example, Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput, Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, Akbar was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin). The empire covered virtually all of the Indian subcontinent during Aurangzeb's reign, spanning from Chittagong in the east to Kabul and Baluchistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri River valley in the south, and accounting for over 25% of global GDP.

Formation of Mughals

Babur, a Timurid prince, and ruler from Central Asia founded the Mughal Empire. Babur was a direct descendant of the Timurid Emperor Tamerlane on his father's side, and a direct descendant of the Mongol monarch Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Sheybani Khan drove Prince Babur out of his ancestral domains in Turkistan, and the 14-year-old fled to India to pursue his ambitions. 

The following is the later Mughals list from the year 1707 to the year 1857.

Later Mughals List

Who Were the Later Mughals?

Bahadur Shah

From 1707 to 1712, Bahadur Shah, also known as Muhammad Mu'azzam and Shah Alam, was India's eighth Mughal emperor. He plotted to depose his father, the sixth Mughal emperor, and accede to the throne while he was young. The emperor foiled Shah's intentions and imprisoned him several times. He was governor of Akbarabad (later known as Agra), Kabul, and Lahore from 1696 to 1707. Aurangzeb's third son was Bahadur Shah.

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Jahandar Shah

Jahandar Shah, also known as Mirza Muhammad Mu'izz-ud-Din, was a Mughal Emperor who reigned from 1712 to 1713. Jahandar Shah’s full name is Shahanshah-i-Ghazi Abu'l Fath Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Sahib-i-Qiran Padshah-i-Jahan was his complete title.

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Farrukhsiyar

Farrukhsiyar, also known as  Farrukhsiyar or Shahid-i-Mazlum, was the Mughal ruler from 1713 until 1719 after assassinating Jahandar Shah. He lacked the capacity, intellect, and character to rule freely while being a beautiful guy who was readily influenced by his counsellors. Farrukhsiyar was the son of Emperor Bahadur Shah I's second son, Azim-ush-Shan, and Sahiba Nizwan. Ajit Singh of Marwar assassinated Akbar.

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Rafi ud-Darajat

Rafi ud-Darajat, the eleventh Mughal Emperor, was Rafi-ush-youngest Shan's son and Azim ush Shan's nephew. Following the assassination of Furrukhsiyar by Ajit Singh of Marwar, he succeeded Furrukhsiyar on February 28, 1719, and was installed on the throne by Ajit Singh of Marwar.

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Muhammad Shah

Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar on 7 August 1702 and ruled from 1719 until 1748) was the twelfth Mughal emperor. Khujista Akhtar, was the father of Muhammad Shah, Bahadur Shah I's fourth son. At the age of 17, he gained the kingdom with the aid of the Sayyid brothers. Syed Hussain Ali Khan was killed at Fatehpur Sikri in the ancient year 1720 with the aid of Asaf Jah I, while Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was poisoned to death in the year 1722. Muhammad Shah was a huge supporter of the arts, particularly musical, artistic, and administrative advances.

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Ahmad Shah Bahadur

Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah gave birth to Ahmad Shah Bahadur, commonly known as Mirza Ahmad Shah or Mujahid-ud-Din Ahmad Shah Ghazi (23 December 1725 – 1 January 1775). At the age of 22, he succeeded his father as the fourteenth Mughal Emperor in 1748. The Mughal Empire was crumbling when Ahmed Shah Bahadur came to power. Furthermore, his administrative flaws finally paved the way for the usurper Feroze Jung III to ascend to authority.

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Alamgir II

Alamgir II was the fifteenth Mughal Emperor of India, ruling from June 3, 1754, until November 29, 1759. Jahandar Shah was his father. Imad-ul-Mulk ousted Ahmad Shah Bahadur in 1754 and installed Aziz-ud-Din, the second son of Jahandar Shah, on the throne. When he ascended the throne, he assumed the name Alamgir and attempted to emulate Aurangzeb's strategy (Alamgir I). He was 55 years old at the time of his succession to the throne. He had spent the majority of his life in prison; therefore, he had little expertise in administration or warfare. He was a weak king, with his vizier, Ghazi-ud-Din Imad-ul-Mulk, wielding full authority.

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Shah Alam II

Shah Alam II, often called Ali Gauhar, was the seventeenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II. Shah Alam II ascended to the throne of a shattered Mughal empire. During his reign, his authority was so diminished that the Persian phrase Sultanat-e-Shah Alam, Az Dilli ta Palam ('The empire of Shah Alam is from Delhi to Palam') was coined. Palam is a Delhi suburb. Shah Alam was subjected to many invasions, the most notable of which was conducted by the Emir of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali, and culminated in the Third Battle of Panipat, which pitted the Maratha Empire, which held suzerainty over Mughal affairs in Delhi, against the Afghans headed by Abdali.

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Akbar Shah II

Akbar II, often known as Akbar Shah II, was the nineteenth Mughal emperor of India, reigning from 22 April 1760 to 28 September 1837. From 1806 to 1837, he ruled. He was Shah Alam II's second son and the father of Bahadur Shah II. Because of the growing British influence in India through the East India Company, Akbar had little de facto control. He dispatched Ram Mohan Roy to Britain as an envoy and placed the title of Raja on him. During his reign, the East India Company stopped referring to itself as a subject of the Mughal Emperor and stopped minting coins in his honour in 1835. To this end, the Persian lines on the company's coins were removed.

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Bahadur Shah II

Bahadur Shah Zafar, often known as Bahadur Shah II, was the twentieth and final Mughal Emperor of India (24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862). He was born Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad. In addition, he was a well-known Urdu poet. When his father, Akbar II, died on September 28, 1837, he was the second son and became his father's heir. He was just a nominal Emperor because the Mughal Empire was simply a name, and his authority were restricted to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad). Following his conviction on numerous charges for his role in the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now Myanmar).

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Mughal emperors founded and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. In this article, the Mughal emperor is described properly.