Government of India Acts

To regulate the governing bodies of India, the Government of India Act by the British Parliament between 1773 and 1935 was proposed. The Governor-general of Fort William of Bengal was set up through the Regulating Act of 1773 under the supervisory powers of Madras and Bombay. The dual system of control by the India Company and British Government was passed through the Pitt’s India Act in 1774. It was named after prime minister William Pitt The Younger. A secret committee of three directors was in direct touch with the British Government to retain control over commerce, day-to-day administration, and crucial political issues.

Missionaries were allowed to enter British India under the Act of 1813 that broke the monopoly of trade. The patronage ended through the act of 1853, and the trade ended through the Act of 1833. The company’s most power was transferred to the crown by the act of 1858. Some comprehensive enactments like giving legal expression to Montagu Chelmsford reform and constitutional discussions took place through the acts of 1919 and 1935. The first several acts under the East India company acts were passed in 1773, 1780, 1784, 1786, 1790. The several acts of 1833, 1853, 1858, 1919, and 1935 were termed as Government of India Acts.

All Act In India

There are numerous central laws, state laws, and it is difficult to ascertain the exact number of laws in India. Through a study till January 2017, there were about 1248 total acts in India. The system of law across the Indian nation refers to the Law of India. A hybrid legal system is maintained by Indians through a mixture of Civil, Common, customary, and religious law. All acts in India which were inherited from the colonial era are not active yet, but some Acts are still in effect in modified forms today. After the formation of the constitution, the law on human rights and protecting the environment was introduced to adhere to United Nations guidelines.

(Image will be Updated soon)

Merchant Shipping Act of 1786

An act established by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1786 is known as the Merchant Shipping Act of 1786. A petition was made to Parliament by a delegation of shipowners when the Act stemmed from it in 1786. The parliament passed it without a division in either house. The liabilities of the shipowners were limited, in regards to goods lost or damaged in robbery no matter what condition may occur through Section I of the Act.

The loss was limited to the value of the vessel and any freight due for the voyage. It was an extension of the provisions of the responsibility of the shipowner's Act of 1733. It highlighted that the ship-owners would receive no protection against any robbing without the collusion of the crew. Section II determined that they were liable for loss due to accidental fire. Section III mentioned that ship-owners were under no liability in the case of theft of valuables like gold, pearls, and silver without a proper bill of lading. 

List Of Acts in India

The Indian Constitution has made several acts, some for betterments and some for strict causes:

• Regulating Act of 1773: In this act, the British Parliament moduled and regulated all the East India Company affairs in India. In this action for the first time, the Governor of Bengal Fort William was addressed as the Governor-General of India. Federal court or supreme court was established in India, and the Executive Council was arranged under the Governor-General of India.

• Charter Act of 1853: There was a separation of the function of the council of Governor-General - Legislative and Executive function This Act also opened Indian Civil service for all persons, including Indians.

• Government of India Act 1858: The single rule of East India company ended, and the rule was passed to the Crown of England. The power and the control were given to the Secretary of State Of India. The Governor-General became the Viceroy of India and terminated the Board of Control and Court of Directors.

• Government of India Act 1919: Dyarchy was first introduced in Provincial subjects and was divided into parts, reserved, and transferred. The legislative assembly was organized with 140 members, and the Legislative council consisted of 60 members.

• Government of India Act 1935: The power was divided among Federal units, Provincial units, and Concurrent units. Establishment of Supreme court and termination of the Council of India.

Conclusion

The Government of India Act has numerous acts that were useful and helpful to the Indian people. The Indian Act of 1935 was the lengthier act with 321 sections,14 parts, and ten schedules. Many salient features like the creation of the All India Federation, provincial autonomy, safeguard provisions, and reservations were proposed through the Act.