Question

Assertion: X− rays can penetrate through the flesh but not through the bones.
Reason: The penetrating power of X− rays depends on voltage.
A. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
D. If the assertion and reason both are false

Answer 1

Hint: X-ray is an electromagnetic wave with extremely high intensity that has been directed at a specific location. Its wavelength is relatively short. X-rays are dependent on various elements such as hardness, intensity, etc.

Complete step by step solution:
The quality or quantity of the radiation focussed is indicated by an X-ray hardness. Since X-Rays have a shorter wavelength than soft rays, they are generally more energetic. The voltage at which the X-ray machine is powered determines how hard the radiation is. As a result, it can be altered by adjusting the potential voltage.

The cathode and the anode are the main two components of the X-ray tube. A cathode is a tiny wire coil that is formed into the shape of a cup. The cathode serves as an entry point for the electrons and releases them from the circuit as a sharply focused beam. The X-Ray tube anode serves as a target or focus point for the electrons coming from the cathode, causing them to concentrate or fall there. More X-Rays are released by the anode.

The voltage supplied across the X-ray tube determines the penetrating power of the radiation. X-rays may penetrate matter made of lighter elements like flesh, which is composed of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, but they cannot penetrate materials like bones, which are formed of heavier elements (which are made of phosphorus and calcium).

Hence option B is correct.

Note: The X-Rays' intensity and hardness varies from one another. Hardness describes the type of radiation that is focused, whereas intensity is the amount of radiation that is concentrated per square inch on the target. By adjusting the voltage of the incident beam and subsequently changing the current's intensity, hardness can be changed.