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NEET

Communication Systems

NEET Important Chapter - Communication Systems

Communication Systems - An Important Topic of NEET

The term communication means the transferring, receiving and processing of information by electronic means. There are basically two communication modes : point to point and broadcast. In point to point mode of communication, the information is transferred from single transmitter to single receiver whereas in broadcast mode of communication, there are a large number of receivers corresponding to single transmitter.

In this chapter, students will learn about the basic communication system and different terms used in communication. Going further in this chapter, students will also learn about the meaning and need of modulation and demodulation.

In this article, we will cover the important concepts and topics that will help students to revise and boost their preparations for NEET.

Important Topics of Communication Systems

Basic Elements of Communication System
Important Terms Used in Communication Systems
Line Communication
Optical Communication
Optical Fiber
Modulation
Demodulation
Propagation of Electromagnetic waves
Satellite Communication

Important Concepts of Communication Systems

Sl.No	Name of the Concept	Key Points
1.	Basic Elements of a Communication Systems	Transmitter converts the message signal produced by the information source into an electrical signal which can be carried through the channel to the receiver. Communication channel carries the modulated wave from transmitter to receiver. Receiver receives the signal from the communication channel and converts it into original form. (image will be uploaded soon)
2.	Important Terms Used in Communication systems	Analog signal: Signal which varies Continuously w.r.t time. (image will be uploaded soon) Digital signal: Signal which has two levels of voltage usually in the form of pulses, represented by 0 or 1. (image will be uploaded soon) Transducer: It converts one form of energy into another. Noise: It refers to the unwanted signal that tends to disturb the transmission. Bandwidth refers to the range over which the frequencies in a signal vary. Amplification is the process of increasing the amplitude and thus strength of electrical signal.
3.	Line Communication	In line communication, there is a physical connection between source and the destination. The wired connections between two connections are known as transmission lines.
4.	Optical Communication	Optical communication uses light waves in the frequency range 1012 to 1016 Hz as the guided wave medium for the propagation of audio frequency signals.
5.	Modulation	The phenomenon of superposition of an information signal over a high frequency carrier wave is called modulation. Digital and analog signals to be transmitted are usually of low frequency and hence, cannot be transmitted as such.
6.	Amplitude Modulation (AM)	Amplitude Modulation is the process of changing the amplitude (Ac) of a carrier wave linearly in accordance with the amplitude of the message signal (Am). Modulation index (μ): $\frac{A_{m}}{A_{c}} = \frac{A_{m a x} - A_{m i n}}{A_{m a x} + A_{m i n}}$
7.	Frequency Modulation(FM)	Frequency Modulation is the process of changing the frequency of a carrier wave (𝛎c) in accordance with the frequency of the message signal (𝛎m). Modulation index (μf) = $\frac{δ}{ν_{m}}$ where, δ = maximum frequency of deviation
8.	Demodulation	The process of recovering the original audio signal from the modulated signal.
9.	Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves	Ground Wave Propagation: In this type of communication, transmitting and receiving antennas are close to the surface of earth. Sky Wave Propagation: Sky wave is the type of radio wave which is directed towards the sky and reflected back from the ionosphere towards the desired location of earth. Space Wave Propagation: The transmitted signal is received by the direct interception of the signal by the receiving antenna. The maximum range of this transmission is given by, $d = \sqrt{2 R h}$ where, R = radius of earth and h = height of antenna

List of Important Formulae of Communication Systems

Sl. No	Name of the Concept	Formulae
1.	Modulation index (μ)	$\frac{A_{m}}{A_{c}} = \frac{A_{m a x} - A_{m i n}}{A_{m a x} + A_{m i n}}$
2.	Voltage equation of Amplitude Modulated wave (e)	$e = E_{c} \sin ω_{c} t + \frac{μ E_{c}}{2} \cos (ω_{c} - ω_{m}) t - \frac{μ E_{c}}{2} \cos (ω_{c} + ω_{m}) t$
3.	Modulation index (μf)	$\frac{δ}{ν_{m}}$ where, δ = maximum frequency of deviation
4.	Height of Antenna	$d = \sqrt{2 R h}$ If the height of receiving antenna is also given, then maximum line of sight distance (dM) $d_{M} = \sqrt{2 R h_{T}} + \sqrt{2 R h_{R}}$ The minimum height of antenna (not of antenna tower) should be λ/4 where λ is wavelength of modulating sig- nal.

Solved Examples of Communication Systems

1. A TV tower has a height of 60 m. What is the maximum distance and area up to which TV transmission can be received? (Take the radius of earth as $6.4 \times 10^{6}$ m.)

Sol:

Given,

Height of the tower (h) = 60 m,

Radius of the earth (R) = $6.4 \times 10^{6}$ m,

Maximum distance upto which TV transmission (d) can be received is given by:

$d = \sqrt{2 R h}$

$d = \sqrt{2 \times 60 \times 6.4 \times 10^{6}}$

$d = 27.7 k m$

Now, area (A) upto which transmission can be received will be:

A = ℼd2 = $π \times (6.4 \times 10^{6})^{2}$

A = 2411 km2

Therefore, distance and area upto which transmission can be received is 27.7 km and 2411 km2, respectively.

Key Point: If the height of receiving antenna is also given, then maximum line of sight distance (dM), $d_{M} = \sqrt{2 R h_{T}} + \sqrt{2 R h_{R}}$

2. What is the purpose of modulating a signal in transmission?

Sol:

A low frequency signal cannot be transmitted to long distances because of many practical difficulties. On the other hand, effective transmission is possible at high frequencies. So, modulation is always done in communication systems.

Key Point: The phenomenon of superposition of an information signal over a high frequency carrier wave is called modulation.

Previous Year Questions of Communication Systems

1. A TV transmission tower has a height of 140 m and the height of the receiving antenna is 40 m. What is the maximum distance upto which signals can be broadcasted from this tower in LOS (Line of Sight) mode? (Given: radius of earth = $6.4 \times 10^{6}$ m )

65 km
48 km
40 km
80 km

Sol:

Given,

Height of transmission tower (hT) = 140 m,

Height of receiving tower (hR) = 40 m,

Radius of earth (R) = $6.4 \times 10^{6}$ m,

In this question, the height of the transmission tower and height of the receiving antenna both are given. So, we will apply the formula:

$d_{M} = \sqrt{2 R h_{T}} + \sqrt{2 R h_{R}}$

$d_{M} = \sqrt{2 \times 6.4 \times 10^{6} \times 140} + \sqrt{2 \times 6.4 \times 10^{6} \times 40}$

$d_{M} = 65 k m$

So, Option - (a) is the correct answer.

Trick: If the height of receiving antenna is also given, then maximum line of sight distance (dM), $d_{M} = \sqrt{2 R h_{T}} + \sqrt{2 R h_{R}}$

2. A signal of frequency 20 kHz and peak voltage of 5 volts is used to modulate a carrier wave of frequency 1.2 MHz and peak voltage 25 volts. Choose the correct statement :

Modulation index = 5, side frequency bands are at 1400 kHz and 1000 kHz
Modulation index = 0.2, side frequency bands are at 1220 kHz and 1180 kHz
Modulation index = 0.8, side frequency bands are at 1180 kHz and 1220 kHz
Modulation index = 5, side frequency bands are at 21.2 kHz and 18.8 kHz

Sol:

Given,

Frequency of signal (fm) = 20 kHz,

Peak voltage of signal (Vm) = 5 V,

Frequency of carrier wave (fc) = 1.2 MHz = 1200 kHz,

Peak voltage of signal (Vm) = 25 V,

Now, Modulation index (μ) is given by, $\frac{V_{m}}{V_{c}}$

Therefore, μ = $\frac{5 V}{25 V}$ = 0.2

Value of modulation index is 0.2

Side bands are given by:

$f_{1} = f_{c} - f_{m}$ = 1200 kHz - 20 kHz = 1180 kHz,

$f_{1} = f_{c} + f_{m}$ = 1200 kHz + 20 kHz = 1220 kHz,

Therefore, the right answer is option b.

Trick: Questions based on similar formulae will be asked in exams. So, be prepared for it.

Practice Questions

1. The maximum amplitude of an AM wave is found to be 15 V while its minimum amplitude is found to be 3V. What is the modulation index?

Ans: 0.667

2. A TV transmission tower antenna is at a height of 20 m. How much service area can it cover if the receiving antenna is (i) at ground level, (ii) at a height of 25 m? Calculate the percentage increase in area covered in case (ii) relative to case (i)

Ans: (i) 804 km2 (ii) 3608 km2 (iii) 349 %

Conclusion

In this article we have provided important information regarding the chapter Electromagnetic Induction such as important concepts, formulae, etc.. Students should work on more solved examples for securing good grades in the NEET exam.

FAQs on NEET Important Chapter - Communication Systems

1. What is the weightage of the Communication Systems in NEET?

Nearly 1-2 questions arise in the exam from this chapter.

2. What are the key points that need to be practiced for solving questions from Communication Systems?

Students should concentrate more on frequently asked questions and formulas as this is a short chapter. Similar kinds of questions can repeat.

3. Are previous year questions enough for NEET?

To score 190+ in NEET, NCERT (both 11th and 12th) and previous year NEET Mains papers are sufficient. Solving previous 10-year NEET examinations offers us a tremendous advantage because 6-7 questions with the identical alternatives are guaranteed to be repeated every year.

NEET Important Chapter - Communication Systems

Communication Systems - An Important Topic of NEET

Important Topics of Communication Systems

Important Concepts of Communication Systems

List of Important Formulae of Communication Systems

Solved Examples of Communication Systems

Previous Year Questions of Communication Systems

Practice Questions

Conclusion

FAQs on NEET Important Chapter - Communication Systems

Repeaters Course for NEET 2022 - 23