Question

3-phosphoglyceric acid as the first ${CO}_2$ fixation product in algal photosynthesis was discovered by
(a) Priestly
(b) Ingenhousz
(c) Calvin
(d) Sachs

Answer 1

Hint: To study photosynthetic activity in algae, radioactive sources are used which leads to the discovery of a three-carbon compound. This biosynthetic pathway is named after the scientist which is also called dark reaction.

Complete answer:
In algae and green plants, sugar is synthesized by the Calvin pathway. It has three steps namely carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration. In the carboxylation step fixation of carbon dioxide into a stable intermediate takes place.

It is the most crucial step in the Calvin cycle discovered by Calvin. The first product formed in the fixation of carbon dioxide in algal and plant photosynthesis is 3-phosphoglyceric acid.

Additional information:
- In carboxylation ${CO}_2$ is utilized for the carboxylation of RuBP. RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction resulting in the formation of two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid. This enzyme has an activity of oxygenation, so it is also called RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO).
- Reduction is a two-step reaction resulting in the formation of trioses. For a molecule of ${CO}_2$, this step utilizes 2 molecules of ATP for phosphorylation and two NADPH for reduction. The fixation of six molecules of ${CO}_2$, 6 turns of the cycle is required for the removal of one glucose molecule.
- In order to continue the cycle uninterrupted, regeneration of the ${CO}_2$ acceptor molecule is crucial.
So, the correct answer is ‘(c) Calvin’.

Note: Oxygen was discovered by the series of experiments on green plants conducted by Joseph Priestly in 1774. Jan Ingenhousz discovered that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis. During the growth of the plants, glucose was produced, this was discovered by Julius Von Sachs.