Answer
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Hint: Blood grouping is based on the type of antigen present on the RBCs of the donor and the antibodies present in the blood of the recipient. If a wrong blood type is administered to a patient, there will be rejection and the antibodies in the blood of the recipient will attack the RBCs of the donor and lead to hemolysis in the recipient.
Complete answer:
People have their blood group as:
Further, the positivity of the blood group depends on the presence of the D antigen on the surface of red blood cells.
The blood group AB has no antibodies. Thus, whatever blood is received won’t recognize the antigens. Thus, making it a universal receiver.
Since the blood group O has no antigen, in whichever blood type it is transfused to, there will be no rejection. This makes O negative blood type the universal donor as it doesn’t even have the D antigen.
Due to this reason, in emergency conditions, when there is no time to check for the blood type before transfusion, O negative blood type is transfused into the patient as it is the safest. Thus, the friend must be of O negative type so they need not check the blood type before transfusion.
So, the correct answer is option (C).
Note: ABO blood grouping is the most common system followed for blood transfusion.There is a rare blood group known as the Bombay blood group. The ABO blood grouping follows the Landsteiner's law. O positive on the other side should not be mistaken as a universal donor.
Complete answer:
People have their blood group as:
BLOOD GROUP | GENOTYPE | ANTIGEN | ANTIBODY |
A | AA/Ai | A | Anti B |
B | BB/Bi | B | Anti A |
AB | AB | A and B | No antibody |
O | i i | No antigen. | Anti A and Anti B |
Further, the positivity of the blood group depends on the presence of the D antigen on the surface of red blood cells.
The blood group AB has no antibodies. Thus, whatever blood is received won’t recognize the antigens. Thus, making it a universal receiver.
Since the blood group O has no antigen, in whichever blood type it is transfused to, there will be no rejection. This makes O negative blood type the universal donor as it doesn’t even have the D antigen.
Due to this reason, in emergency conditions, when there is no time to check for the blood type before transfusion, O negative blood type is transfused into the patient as it is the safest. Thus, the friend must be of O negative type so they need not check the blood type before transfusion.
So, the correct answer is option (C).
Note: ABO blood grouping is the most common system followed for blood transfusion.There is a rare blood group known as the Bombay blood group. The ABO blood grouping follows the Landsteiner's law. O positive on the other side should not be mistaken as a universal donor.
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