Question

a) What is lymph?
b) Draw a well labeled diagram of the human excretory system.
c) How do plants excrete waste products? Explain.

Answer 1

Hint: Lymphatic system and excretory system are two important organ systems. Excretion is a feature of all life forms existing on earth. It can be through exocytosis, diffusion, or through dedicated excretory systems. The overall goal of excretion is to remove waste products from the body. Lymphatic system on the other side is present in higher vertebrates and is involved in immune function.

Complete solution:
Part -1- Lymph is a fluid that is similar to blood plasma in composition. As fluids flow through capillary walls at the arterial end, it is generated from blood plasma. As the interstitial fluid builds up, small lymphatic capillaries take it up and transport it back to the bloodstream. The interstitial fluid becomes lymph as soon as it enters the lymph capillaries.
Lymph, also known as lymphatic fluid, is a fluid that drains from cells and tissues but isn't reabsorbed into the capillaries. It also contains other chemicals. Proteins, minerals, lipids, nutrients, damaged cells, cancer cells, and alien invaders are among the other substances (bacteria, viruses, etc). Infection-fighting white blood cells are also transported via lymph (lymphocytes).
Part-2 – below is the diagram of the human excretory system.

Part-3- Plants usually do not have a well developed excretory system like animals. They normally produce gaseous excretory products oxygen during photosynthesis and carbon dioxide during respiration.
In addition to gaseous waste products plants also produce very small amounts of nitrogenous waste.
Gaseous waste is excreted by plants through stomata holes on their leaves. Photosynthesis uses the oxygen generated during photosynthesis for respiration, whereas photosynthesis uses the carbon dioxide generated during respiration.
Water is also expelled from the plant body via stomatal holes on the surfaces of fruits and stems. The process of removing water from the body is known as transpiration.
In a third waste removal mechanism plants accumulate waste products in their bark, oil, gum, latex etc.
Aquatic plants also excrete nitrogenous wastes through the process of diffusion.

Note:
The lymph system's functions can be summarized as follows:
Detoxification of the body's waste products.
Immune system boosters to maintain the body healthy.
Nutrient transportation throughout the body.
Excretion is the process by which animals rid themselves of waste materials. Nitrogenous by-products and metabolic waste products are examples of wastes. Organisms maintain acid-base balance by controlling osmotic pressure, which is the equilibrium between inorganic ions and water.