Question

When adenine is attached to ribose sugar, it is called adenosine. To make a nucleotide, would it require ?
A. Oxygenation
B. Addition of a base
C. Addition of phosphate
D. Hydrogenation

Answer 1

Hint: Nucleotide is an organic molecule. It is a compound consisting of three parts that are :- A nucleobase , pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxy-rebose ) and a phosphate group. Adenine is a nucleobase

Complete step by step answer: As per question, adenine (a nucleobase) is attached to ribose sugar .
Ie. $\text{a nucleobase + ribose sugar}$ $\to \text{nucleoside}$
Nucleoside A adenine and ribose sugar is known as adenosine. Its structure is as shown below.

When one or more phosphates are added with a nucleoside, it forms a nucleotide.
$$\mathrm{ie}.nucleoside+phosphate\to nucleotide$$
Therefore, we need to add phosphate in adenine to make it a nucleotide. nucleotide of adenine is adenine phosphate which consists of :-
$\text{Adenine + ribose sugar }\to \text{ Adenosine}$
$\text{Adenosine + 3 phosphate }\to \text{Adenosine triphosphate}$
The structure of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is :-

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of a cell. It is involved in signal transductions as a substrate for kinase enzymes that transfer phosphate groups. ATP is an essential monomer required to synthesize RNA.
Hence, the correct option is (C) Addition of phosphate.

Note: There are five nucleotides is $\text{APT}\to$Adenosine triphosphate, $\text{GPT}\to$Guanosine triphosphate, $\text{CPT}\to$Cytidine triphosphate, $\text{UPT}\to$Uridine triphosphate and $\text{TTP}\to$Thymidine triphosphate each of nucleobase Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil and thymine respectively