Question

What are examples of protein polymers?

Answer 1

Hint: Proteins are large and complex molecules that play major critical roles in the body. They do almost all of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids.

Complete answer:
There are 20 major types of amino acids that can be merged to make a protein polymer. The sequence of amino acids decides each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function. Amino acids are coded by combinations of three DNA building blocks i.e., nucleotides that are further determined by the sequence of genes. According to their structures, proteins have different functions, this classification is known as functional classification of proteins.
(i) Antibody: Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help in protection of the body. Its example includes immunoglobulins like Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
(ii) Enzyme: Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They without themselves being affected by the reaction. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA. Its examples include Phenylalanine hydroxylase.
(iii) Messenger: Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to synchronize biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs. Its examples include hormones like Growth hormone.
(iv) Structural component: These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move. Its example includes Actin that is present in muscle fibers.
(v) Transport/storage: These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body. Its example includes Ferritin protein that is the storage form of iron in the body.

So, examples of protein polymers include gelatin, hemoglobin i.e., the oxygen carrying molecule present in the RBCs, enzymes, hormones, etc.

Note:
Biological polymers are large molecules composed of many similar smaller molecules linked together in a chain-like fashion. The individual smaller molecules are called monomers. When small organic molecules are joined together, they can form giant molecules or polymers.