Question

What are the differences between a solute/solvent and solution/suspension?

Answer 1

Hint :We also know that the amount of solute and solvent dissolved in the given amount of solvent depends on the nature of the solute and solvent. The solute-solvent interaction generally depends on solubility. This is a general rule for the solubility of solute in solvent.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
We must remember that the polar solvents more readily dissolve the polar solutes but cannot dissolve the non-polar solutes. Thus the sodium chloride salt which is an ionic compound readily dissolves in the water which is a polar solvent. However, it is not readily soluble in ether, benzene, or hexane which are non-polar solvents.
Solute vs Solvent-
The substance which is being dissolved in solvent to make a solution is known as solute. It is present in lesser quantity than solvent within the solution. The component of a solution in which solute is being dissolved is called a solvent. It is present in more quantity than solute in solution. In short, a solvent dissolves to form a solution. For example, salt and water. Water dissolves salt, so water is the solvent and salt is the solute. The substance which dissolves is the solvent and the substance which is dissolved is the solute. Usually the resultant solution is in the same state as the solvent.
Solution vs Suspension-
 A solution consists of a solute dissolved in a solvent. This means that particles of the solute have been surrounded by solvent particles. This is a homogeneous mixture. In contrast, a suspension is a mixture in which one component is not dissolved in the other. For example, sand and water. Sand won't dissolve in water, but rather it would form a suspension in which it floats in water and eventually sediments.

Note :
Note that the non-polar solvents do not form the hydrogen bonding with the solvent. But they dissolve the solute by weak van der Waals force among the solute and solvent. As ions dissolve within a solvent they spread out and become surrounded by solvent molecules.