Question

What are the reflex actions controlled by the spinal cord and not the brain?

Answer 1

Hint: The spinal cord is a long, delicate tubelike structure that runs from the end of the brain stem to practically the bottom of the spine. The spinal cord is made up of bundles of nerve axons that form channels that convey messages from the brain to the rest of the body.

Complete answer:
A reflex action frequently involves a reflex arc, which is a very simple neural circuit. Receptors are stimulated at the commencement of a reflex arc. They then deliver impulses to your spinal cord via a sensory neuron, which is then passed on to a motor neuron. Involuntary and practically immediate movement in reaction to a stimulus is known as reflex action.
Invertebrates' sensory neurons synapse in the spinal cord rather than passing directly into the brain. The spinal cord is the primary control centre for reflex actions. The spinal cord connects the brain and the spinal nerves.
Nerve impulses move along the following path during a somatic reflex:
Skin, muscles, and tendons have somatic receptors.
Afferent nerve fibres transport messages from somatic receptors to the brainstem or the posterior horn of the spinal cord.
The location at which the neurons that make up the grey matter of the spinal cord or the brainstem synapse is called an integrating centre.
Motor nerve impulses are carried from the anterior horn to the muscles by different nerve fibres.
The response is carried out by an effector muscle that is innervated by an efferent nerve fibre.

Note: A reflex arc is the neural pathway that (a.) transports sensory information from the receptor to the spinal cord, and then (b.) transports the spinal cord's reaction to effector organs during a reflex action. The reflex arc is the path travelled by a nerve impulse to complete a reflex action.