Question

Atherosclerosis refers to the ailment of
A. Lungs
B. Heart
C. Kidney
D. Liver

Answer 1

Hint: An ailment can be defined as a particular abnormal condition of the body or specific organs of the body. It can also be referred to as the disease that negatively affects the structure and functionality of the particular organ or part of the body. The ailments are characterized by decreasing function and specific symptoms.

Complete answer:
-The disease or ailments are caused by several external factors such as pathogens or by the internal dysfunctions. The internal dysfunction may arise due to factors such as injuries, disorders, aging or other factors such as food etc.
-Atherosclerosis is the disease that occurs in the wall of the artery which develops due to abnormalities. It is an abnormality in the functioning of the arteries of the heart. The abnormalities arise due to lesions and the lesions result in the narrowing of the arteries and thereby restrictions in the flow of blood takes place. The lesions are caused due to the buildup of the atheromatous plaque. Atheromatous plaque is formed due to the abnormal accumulation of waste material in the inner layer of the wall of the arteries. It forms a swelling in the arterial walls which may intrude into the lumen of the artery. It causes narrowing of the arterial walls.
-The symptoms of this disease is generally asymptomatic in the initial stages due to the enlargement of the arteries at the plaque locations and so, there is no effect on the flow of the blood. Symptoms appear in the case where the narrowing or restrictions have increased considerably and finally affect the blood flow. In most patients with atherosclerosis, they experience cardiovascular disorders such as strokes and heart attacks. It can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, palpitations and nausea.
-Lungs, kidneys and the liver are not affected directly by the atherosclerosis as it affects the arteries of the heart and causes restricted blood flow from the heart.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The arteries are thin blood vessels of the heart that deliver oxygen rich blood to different parts of the body. Due to the narrowing of the arterial walls caused by the buildup of the atheromatous plaque, the blood flow through the arteries are greatly restricted. This disease or ailment in the arteries of the heart is known as atherosclerosis.