Question

Blood cells involved in inflammatory reactions are?

Answer 1

Hint: Blood is vascular connective tissue. Blood consists of plasma \[\left( {55\% } \right)\] and blood cells/formed elements \[\left( {45\% } \right)\]. Blood cells are of three types: red blood corpuscles (RBC)/erythrocytes, white blood corpuscles (WBC)/ leukocytes and platelets/thrombocytes. RBCs have red color chromo-protein Hemoglobin responsible for the red color. RBCs are circular, biconcave and non-nucleated and are responsible for carrying oxygen molecules. WBCs are further divided further classified into granulocytes and granulocytes and are discussed later in the section.

Complete Explanation:
Leukocytes are amoeboid, irregular and nucleated. Being amoeboid, WBCs can come out of the capillary to reach tissues for phagocytosis by a process called diapedesis. They are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes have small granules which contain certain proteins. They are of \[3\] types-
Neutrophils: These are maximum in number almost\[70 - 75\% \]. They have \[3 - 5\] lobed nuclei. It acts against small pathogens.
Basophil: These are smallest and minimum in number\[\left( {0.5 - 1\% } \right)\]. The nucleus is trilobed. It releases histamine, serotonin, heparin and are involved in inflammatory reactions.
Eosinophil/Acidophil: These are \[3 - 5\% \] and have a bilobed spectacle shaped nucleus. They are useful in allergic reactions.

Agranulocytes do not show presence of granules. They are of two types:
Monocytes: These are largest and approx.\[2 - 8\% \]. It has a large kidney shaped nucleus and acts against large pathogens.
Lymphocytes: These are\[20 - 25\% \]. Has a large spherical nucleus. They provide immunity. They are divided into two types-
B-Lymphocytes: It provides Antibody mediated immunity (AMI)/Humoral immunity. They produce antibodies against pathogens. Different types of antibodies are produced in our body viz, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD. Note that IgG can cross the placenta and IgA are present in colostrum.
T-Lymphocytes: T stands for Thymus gland where these mature. It provides Cell mediated immunity (CMI). They do not produce antibodies but help B-Lymphocytes produce them. Remember CMI is responsible for graft rejection.

Blood cells involved in inflammatory reactions are Basophils, which are granulocyte type of WBCs.

Note:
Platelets are actually the fragments of megakaryocytes and are irregular and non-nucleated. They play an important role in blood clotting. Platelets secrete thrombokinase, \[C{a^{2 + }}\], vwf (villi wall brand factor), etc. Plasma proteins present in plasma like Fibrinogen, globulin and albumin help in clotting, defense mechanism and osmotic balance, respectively. There are \[13\]factors present that are responsible for blood clotting. The lifespan of RBCs, WBCs and platelets respectively are,\[120\]days, \[10 - 15\]days and \[1 - 3\] days.
Additional Information:
Blood \[ = \]plasma \[ + \]blood cells
Lymph \[ = \]blood \[-\] (RBC\[ + \]platelet)
     \[ = \]plasma \[ + \]WBC
Plasma \[ = \]blood \[-\]blood cells (or formed elements)
      \[ = \]lymph \[-\]WBC
Serum \[ = \]Plasma \[-\]clotting factors