Question

How can the circumference of the sun be calculated?

Answer 1

Hint: In this question, we will perform an easy activity; this activity will help us to get our result. Also, we will study about the space and different planets in the space. Further, we will learn about the basic structure of our earth for our better understanding.
Formula used:
$d_S={\displaystyle \frac{d_I}{x}}\times D$

Complete answer:
As we know for calculating the circumference of the sun, we need the diameter of the sun.
Now, the most simple and easy way to measure the diameter of the sun is to use a pinhole camera. Here, for this we will need a very small hole in a card. Now we will paste a metal film covering the hole completely. Here, for covering we can use an aluminum foil. Further, let us create a very small hole in it and place it in the sun to form an image as shown below.

Now we can measure the diameter of the image formed on the board. Here we can make an image on a centimeter graph for accuracy. Also, we will measure the distance of the image from the pinhole.
Now, the diameter of the sun can then be calculated as follows:
$d_S={\displaystyle \frac{d_I}{x}}\times D$
Here, $d_S$ is the diameter of sun, $d_I$ is the diameter of image of sun, x is the distance between sun and the image, D is the distance between sun and earth.
Now, by using the above equation and multiplying it by $\pi$, we will get the circumference of the sun.

Additional information:
As we know that the solar system consists of stars, the Sun, and everything bound to it by the force of gravity, that are: the planets we have namely, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, also we have some dwarf planets like Pluto, many of moons and millions of asteroids, comets and meteoroids.
Now, we should also know about the structure of our earth. We can say that the structure of the world or earth is split in four major components which are called as- the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the last one the inner core. Now, we also know that movement in the mantle of earth, which is caused by the variations in heat from the core of earth, causes the plates to shift, which further can cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Therefore, these earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect the lives and environment on earth.

Note:
Here, one should note that acceleration of this question can be solved using practical values. Also, we should know that the unit which is used to measure the distance of bodies present in space is measured in astronomical units i.e., AU,$1AU=149597871km$.