Question

Describe how the kidneys help in osmoregulation in humans.

Answer 1

Hint The maintenance of salt and water balance for the osmotic balance across the membranes inside the body's fluids which constitutes water and electrolytes with nonelectrolytes is known as osmoregulation.

Complete answer:
Osmoregulation involved the concentration and osmotic pressure of blood by regulating the water contents inside the blood plasma. Kidneys excrete a huge amount of hypotonic urine when the water intake is high and excrete a small amount of hypertonic urine when the water is deficient and which needs to be conserved. The osmotic pressure decreases with the excessive water in body fluids which increases the blood volume and signals the posterior pituitary for resisting the production of vasopressin that results in decrease resorption of water by the distal convoluted tubules and the collecting duct. The antidiuretic hormone is produced with the deficiency of water by the posterior pituitary which increases the absorption of tubules of water and causes constriction of blood vessels by increasing the blood pressure and glomerular blood flow by increasing the filtration rate. The kidney constitutes over 1 million nephrons which are an extensive network of capillaries and blood vessels.

Additional information:
The kidneys a specialized organ that plays an important role in homeostasis and maintains that by regulating water, balance blood composition, waste removal, and pressure. They prevent the buildup of toxic products in the body and regulate the chemical components of the body's fluids by responding to certain imbalances of body fluids. It includes the movement of solutes between the internal and external environment which is normally through a transporting epithelium and forms a tubular channel which gives the kidney a large surface area.

Note: The pair of the kidney is lopsided. People can live with one kidney as each kidney consists of 1.5 million. The filtering unit of the kidney is known as nephrons, which removes the waste product known as urea from the blood. An average human needs a minimum of three hundred thousand nephrons to filter blood properly with which one kidney is more than enough to fulfil the purpose.