Question

Describe the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Hint: It has a true membrane- bound nucleus and has different membranous organelles that take into account the compartmentalization of functions. They can maintain various environments in a single cell that permits them to complete different metabolic reactions. This encourages them to develop commonly bigger than the prokaryotic cells.

Complete step by step answer:
The characteristics of eukaryotic cells are as per the following:
- The nucleus is enclosed within the nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells.
- Mitochondria, an organelle that is present in the eukaryotic cell.
- Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs and it is present in eukaryotic cell
- The outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells is called a cell wall.
- During the mitosis process, the cell divides.
- The eukaryotic cell contains a cytoskeletal structure that gives shape to the cell.
- The nucleus contains a single, linear DNA, which conveys all the genetic information.

Additional information:
Structure Of Eukaryotic Cell: The eukaryotic cell structure involves the accompanying:
Plasma Membrane:
- The plasma membrane isolates the cell from the external climate.
- It involves particular embedded proteins, which help in the trading of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall:
- It is a rigid structure which is present outside the plant cell. It is, although, absent in animal cells.
- It is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins, etc.
Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is present inside the cytoplasm, which consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and fibers to provide perfect shape to the cell, anchor the organelles, and stimulate the cell movement.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum is of two kinds:
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum which contains ribosomes.
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is in this manner smooth.
Nucleus:
- The nucleoplasm which can be enclosed within the nucleus that contains DNA and proteins.
- The nuclear envelope comprises two layers- the first one is the outer membrane and the second one is the inner membrane. Both of the membranes are permeable to ions, molecules, and RNA material.
Golgi Apparatus:
- Cisternae, it is formed by the flat disc- shaped structures.
- It is not present in red blood cells of humans and the sieve cells of plants.
Mitochondria:
- Mitochondria is also called a “powerhouse of cells” because it produces energy.
- It comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
Lysosomes: Lysosomes can contain the hydrolytic enzyme for the digestion of protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and nucleic acid so it is called suicidal bags.
Plastids: It is only found in plant cells and these are double- membraned. These are of three types:
Chloroplast: It has chlorophyll and it is responsible for photosynthesis.
Chromoplast: It contains a pigment called carotene that provides the plants yellow, red, or orange colors.
Leucoplasts: are colorless and store oil, fats, carbohydrates, or proteins.

Note: Over numerous ages, the descendants of the eukaryotes developed mechanisms to additional help this system, and simultaneously, the descendants of the engulfed prokaryotes lost the capacity to survive on their own, evolving into present- day mitochondria and chloroplasts. This proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts is called the endosymbiotic hypothesis.