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What is the difference between good satire and bad satire? Where is the line that some satire crosses, that makes them just offensive rather than effective?

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Hint: Satire is indeed a style of the literary, visual, and performing arts in which wickedness, stupidities, abuses, and flaws are mocked with the aim of pressuring people, businesses, governments, or society as a whole to change. The types of satire change with context; they mainly include Horatian, Juvenalian and Menippean satire; among these some are good satire while the others are bad.

Complete answer:
Satire is a style that has been around for a long time, so it's only natural that it's become more complicated as a literary device. The three popular forms of satire (Horatian, Juvenalian, and Menippean) have undeniably become so intertwined and cross-bred that it's not uncommon for a contemporary work of satirical humor to be a hybridized savage.

Horatian satire might be classified as "good," while Juvenalian satire will be classified as "poor."
If all you want to do is try to be funny, you're probably looking for Horatian satire. Horace, a Roman satirist, aimed to amuse with wit, rueful humor, and light-hearted ridicule, avoiding cynicism by declining to blame anyone for any personal shortcomings. As a result, the aim of Horatian satire is being as smart and as perceptive as possible while also expressing humor by revealing the eccentricities of human behavior.
Example for Horatian satire; within the Gulliver’s Travels, the writer tries to use four travel destinations where he meets strange people, each of them the English society is satirized.

Liberated from the constraints of being genuinely humorous, Juvenalian satire typically targets people, leaders, and organizations in order to highlight hypocrisy and ethical misbehavior. As a result, expect more powerful doses of sarcasm and irony in this mixture from authors.
Example for Juvenalian satire; this is done is ‘A Modest Proposal’ where he tries to give crazy solutions to cannibalism which is dealt by England.

It is no longer Juvenalian satire if satire turns clearly disrespectful and ineffective. Note that while Juvenalian satire is angry and bitter, it still conveys the message across, no matter how bitter the bashing is. It's not humor if there isn't a key concept but it's just angry bullying.

Note: Note that satire and farce represent comedy styles. The key difference amongst satire and farce is that satire makes the viewer laugh with irony, humor, and wit, while farce makes the people laugh with embarrassing humor and vulgar jokes. Furthermore, unlike a farce, a satirical performance has the potential to reveal society's follies and misdeeds when amusing the spectator.