Question

Discuss in brief how rain-water harvesting has affected any state any two reasons for reduction of underground water.

Answer 1

Hint :Rain water harvesting is done to save and collect water. This water is used for many purposes including cooking. Groundwater consists of all the water bodies like lakes, rivers, etc.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Rain water is harvested from large surfaces like roofs or huge grounds, etc. First collection of the water is done from the surface which is exposed to the rain water. Or simply rain water can be collected in small quantities like in drums. This collected water cannot be used directly as it contains many dust particles and other contamination. Collected water is then filtered to remove stones or any impurity which can be seen with the naked eyes. This filtered water is then stored for future sanitization in huge tanks or drums. This water is later treated via different processes like UV rays sanitization, chlorination, nano filtration or reverse osmosis. In the process of chlorination, chlorine is added to water which causes oxidation and disinfection of water. Impurities that cannot be seen like pathogens are destroyed in this process. Finally this water becomes pure and ready to use.
Groundwater is used for various reasons like washing clothes, farming, cleaning cattle etc. there are many reasons for the depletion of groundwater like water being used for agricultural purposes. For farming a tremendous amount of water is used since it is done on a large scale. Motor pumps supply water to the crops directly from the water source causing reduction in water. Second main reason for the decrease in rain water is human use. We pump large amounts of water from the ground for our daily chores causing a decrease in the groundwater.

Note :
Harvested rain water is safe for drinking and helps a lot in saving water. Groundwater reduction can also happen due to natural causes. Bore well is also a form of ground water.