Question

Do carrier proteins require ATP?

Answer 1

Hint: A carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific material through intracellular compartments, extracellular fluid, or across cells, as opposed to channel proteins, which are another type of membrane transport protein that transports molecules less selectively. Carrier proteins are found in lipid bilayer cell structures such as cell membranes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, just like other membrane transport proteins.

Complete answer:
Carrier proteins, such as the sodium-potassium pump and \[Ca{2^ + }\] ATPase, that are engaged in active transport against a concentration gradient of ions, require ATP. The carrier proteins involved in facilitated diffusion, such as GLUT\[1\], do not require ATP.
The sodium-potassium pump in animal cells' plasma membrane is an example of an ATP-driven carrier. The sodium and potassium ions are particularly bound by the pump. This pump maintains proper levels of such ions in order to maintain homeostasis. For each ATP molecule it utilises, the pump actively transfers three sodium ions (\[N{a^ + }\]) from the inside of the cell and replaces them with two potassium ions (\[{K^ + }\]) from the outside. Primary active transport is a type of active transport in which chemical energy (ATP) is used to power the process.
Carrier proteins play a role in both active transport and assisted diffusion. To transport molecules against a concentration gradient, active transport necessitates the use of energy. Carrier proteins bind to molecules and release them on the other side of the membrane, down the concentration gradient, for easier diffusion.

Note:
Functions of carrier proteins-
In order for nerve cells to function, ion gradients must be created.
Creating ion gradients that allow mitochondria to work.
Creating ion gradients that allow photosynthesis to take place in chloroplasts.
Large molecules, such as carbohydrates and lipids, are transported in and out of cells.