Answer
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Hint: Phenol is an aromatic compound in which electrons are delocalized. When phenol is reacted with the mixture of $HCN$and $HCl$ it forms aldimine as the intermediate. The catalyst we use for this reaction is $ZnC{l_2}$. Thus we do hydrolysis of the intermediate product to get the final product.
Complete answer:
Phenol is an aromatic compound which contains hydroxyl groups. The mixture of $HCN$and $HCl$is reacted with phenol in the presence of a catalyst known as zinc chloride. Further an intermediate product is formed which on hydrolysis yields us $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde. The whole reaction will take place in the following steps:
$1.$In the first stage of reaction, the mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen cyanide is reacted to form a complex in the presence of the zinc chloride.
$HCl{\text{ + HCN }}\xrightarrow{{ZnC{l_2}}}{\text{ Cl - CH = NH}}$
The formed complex will further react with the phenol and form an intermediate product.
$2.$ Now the given complex will react with phenol and produce an intermediate product known as aldimine. Then the aldimine so formed will undergo hydrolysis.
$3.$Now the formed intermediate, Aldimine, is further undergoing hydrolysis with ${H_3}{O^ + }$. On hydrolysis of the above intermediate we get $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde as our main product.
The product so formed is $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde. The reaction is also known as the Gattermann Reaction used for synthesis of aromatic aldehydes.
Note:
The intermediate formed during the reaction is a result of zinc chloride. Here zinc chloride acts as a catalyst. We can use others like Aluminium Chloride in place of Zinc Chloride. On hydrolysis there is addition of oxygen and an amine group if formed as a by-product.
Complete answer:
Phenol is an aromatic compound which contains hydroxyl groups. The mixture of $HCN$and $HCl$is reacted with phenol in the presence of a catalyst known as zinc chloride. Further an intermediate product is formed which on hydrolysis yields us $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde. The whole reaction will take place in the following steps:
$1.$In the first stage of reaction, the mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen cyanide is reacted to form a complex in the presence of the zinc chloride.
$HCl{\text{ + HCN }}\xrightarrow{{ZnC{l_2}}}{\text{ Cl - CH = NH}}$
The formed complex will further react with the phenol and form an intermediate product.
$2.$ Now the given complex will react with phenol and produce an intermediate product known as aldimine. Then the aldimine so formed will undergo hydrolysis.
$3.$Now the formed intermediate, Aldimine, is further undergoing hydrolysis with ${H_3}{O^ + }$. On hydrolysis of the above intermediate we get $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde as our main product.
The product so formed is $p - $hydroxybenzaldehyde. The reaction is also known as the Gattermann Reaction used for synthesis of aromatic aldehydes.
Note:
The intermediate formed during the reaction is a result of zinc chloride. Here zinc chloride acts as a catalyst. We can use others like Aluminium Chloride in place of Zinc Chloride. On hydrolysis there is addition of oxygen and an amine group if formed as a by-product.
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