Question

Does photosynthesis produce ATP?

Answer 1

Hint: The process of producing glucose molecules using abiotic components from the environment such as light from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, chlorophyll from the leaves, and water from the soil by the plants is known as photosynthesis.

Complete answer:
There are two main stages of photosynthesis:
Light reaction, and
Calvin cycle.
Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. They use light energy to make one molecule of ATP and one molecule of NADPH. There are two photosystems present in the leaves of the plants. One is Photosystem I and the other is Photosystem II. These photosystems contain various pigments that trap light energy and release high-energy electrons creating a potential gradient. These high-energy electrons travel down the concentration gradient losing their energy. The released energy drives the hydrogen ions from the stroma to the lumen of thylakoids. As the hydrogen ions pass down, they come in contact with ATP synthase, driving ATP production. This process is known as chemiosmosis. The high-energy electrons again travel down the concentration gradient for the second time where they initiate the formation of NADPH molecules from $NADP^{+}$.

Note:
There are photosynthetic pigments present in the two photosystems stated above. These pigments are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, etc. They are light trapping molecules that are found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. When a pigment absorbs light, they travel from the ground state to an excited state as one of their valence electrons is boosted to a higher- energy orbital. This process is known as resonance energy transfer.