Question

What does the NMR spectrum tell you?

Answer 1

Hint: NMR is called nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It works when an atom is subjected to the influence of a magnetic field. It works on the magnetic spin of atoms due to electrons. It is used to study various molecules. It shows a spectrum as an output that has various peaks, through which we can tell the splitting of the atoms.

Complete answer:
NMR spectroscopy is the method where the nucleus of an atom is observed under an external magnetic field. It consists of placing the sample in the magnetic field and NMR signals are produced by excitation of the nucleus of an atom as radio waves into NMR that is received by sensitive radio receivers. It is based on the theory that all nuclei are electrically charged, and under the magnetic field energy is possible at base and higher levels with the spin of the nuclei.
The NMR spectra are obtained as thin lines with peaks that show the presence of protons, the splitting tells us that they have more than one proton. Thus NMR spectrum consists of components that interprets the spectra and tell us the following:
-Chemical shift: it is the difference between resonance frequency of observed proton and that of TMS hydrogen. So it tells us the type of hydrogen atoms.
-Splitting of signals: gives us the number of neighboring protons.
-Intensity of signals: tells us the number of protons in each set.
-Number of signals: tells us the number of sets of the equivalent hydrogen atoms.
-Position of signals: tells the electronic atmosphere of each set of protons.
Hence, the NMR spectrum tells us the structure of molecules by giving out a spectra that can be interpretive and tells us the position of atoms.

Note:
NMR spectrum uses TMS as a reference called tetramethylsilane as it has a sharp peak. The NMR spectrum of ethanol is as follows,

It consists of 3 signals that shows the presence of 3 sets of hydrogen (proton). The signals that are split show the presence of 3 and 2 hydrogen atoms surrounding the two carbons in the molecule. The value of the NMR spectra is measured in ppm.