Question

Explain the formation of nitrogen molecules by Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT).

Answer 1

Hint: According to the question, first we have to know the structure or composition of the given Nitrogen Molecule and then go through the each KK shells of the molecule and their orbitals. And finally go through the Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT).

Complete answer:
Firstly, we have to write the Electronic Configuration of ${N_2} $ (atomic no., $Z=7$) is given by
$ 1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p_x}^12{p_y}^12{p_z}^1 $
Now, the total number of electrons present in the nitrogen molecule $ {N_2} $ is 14. These 14 electrons can be obliged in the different atomic orbitals arranged by expanding energy.
According to MOT, the required electronic configuration of $ {N_2} $ is as follows
$ {N_2} = \sigma 1{s^2}\;\sigma * 1{s^2}\sigma 2{s^2}\;\sigma * 2{s^2}\;\pi 2p{x^2}\;\pi 2p{y^2}\sigma 2p{z^2} $
Now, the Bond Order of the $ {N_2} $ can be calculated as:
Here, $ {N_b} = 10 $ and $ {N_a} = 4 $
We know that bond order is given by
$ \therefore {\text{Bond}}\,{\text{Order}} = \dfrac{{{N_b} - {N_a}}}{2} $
On substituting the values we get
$ {\text{Bond Order}} = \dfrac{{10 - 4}}{2} = 3 $
Nature of bond: A bond order of 3 means that a triple bond is present in a molecule of nitrogen.
Diamagnetic nature: Since all the electrons in nitrogen are paired, it is diamagnetic in nature.
According to Molecular Orbital Theory, individual atoms combine to form molecular orbitals, as the electrons of an atom are present in various atomic orbitals and are associated with several nuclei.

Note:
Nonetheless, the nitrogen particle is a diatomic atom and its shape isn't that of a circle. The nitrogen particle has a quadrupole second which decides subatomic direction on the mass of the pore. Nitrogen is an electronegative element and very useful in preparation of various compounds.