Question

Explain the principle of a hydraulic machine. Name two devices which work on this principle.

Answer 1

Hint : Hydraulic systems have the ability to apply force or torque multiplication without the use of mechanical gears or levers, regardless of the distance between the input and output, by changing the effective areas in two connected cylinders or the effective displacement (cc/rev) between a pump and motor. In most circumstances, hydraulic ratios are coupled with one another.

Complete step-by-step solution:
A hydraulic machine works on the premise of a tiny force being given to a smaller piston being communicated to a larger piston.
The hydraulic system is based on Pascal's law, which states that the pressure in an enclosed fluid is constant in all directions. The smaller piston feels a smaller force and the larger piston feels a larger force since the pressure is the same in both directions.
Hydraulic steering and hydraulic brake work on the principle of the Hydraulic Machine.
Hydraulic power steering systems work by multiplying force supplied to the steering wheel inputs to the vehicle's steered (typically front) road wheels using a hydraulic system. A force is applied to the steering gear by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which then steers the road wheels.
A hydraulic brake is a braking system that transfers pressure from the controlling mechanism to the braking mechanism using brake fluid, which commonly contains glycol ethers or diethylene glycol.

Note: Hydraulic machinery is popular because of the large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, as well as the high power density and wide range of actuators that can use that power, as well as the massive multiplication of forces that can be achieved by applying pressures over relatively large areas.
When contrasted to machines that use gears and shafts, one disadvantage is that any power transmission results in some losses due to fluid flow resistance through the pipework.