Question

Explain the various kinds of roots with the help of examples?

Answer 1

Hint: Roots are the organs of the plants that lie below the surface of the soil. These can also be aerating or aerial means growing up above the soil surface or water especially. Roots are non-leafy and no nodes are part of roots. Early root growth is controlled by apical meristem which is present near the tip of the root. The main function of the root is to support the plant.

Complete answer:
Two main types of root systems are
- Taproot system
- Fibrous root system

> Taproot system: Taproot system contains the only one main and long root. Small roots that grow from the main root are known as lateral roots. These are also known as true roots. Taproots grow deep into the soil vertically and exhibit large surface areas. One taproot is present in one single plant. Taproots are present in those plants whose leaves have reticulate venation in the leaves.
Examples of taproots: Carrot, mango, pine, sugar beet, etc.
 

> Fibrous root system: The main root in fibrous roots is not present, they simply grow from the stem base and have a bushy appearance. The roots are short in nature. Fibrous roots grow in the soil horizontally. These are found in plants whose leaves have parallel venation. Hundreds of fibrous roots can be present in a single plant.
Examples of fibrous roots are onion, maize, sugarcane, grass, rice, wheat, etc.

Additional information:
There are many other types of roots other than these two. They are as follows
- Creeping roots: Roots that are long and shallow.
- Tuberous roots: Roots that are fleshy and enlarged for the water or food storage.
For eg sweet potato.
- Aerial roots: Roots that are totally above the soil surface used to receive water and nutrients from the air directly.
- Adventitious roots: These are those roots that grow above the soil and then go down the earth.
E.g. maize, bamboo, and mangrove have adventitious roots.
- Propagative roots: roots that form the buds and then develop into shoots afterward results in the formation of a new plant.
For eg cherry.
- Storage roots: Roots that are used and modified for the storage of food and water.
For eg carrot.

Note: Roots are the organs of the plant which lie below the soil surface. Root cells contain root hairs, epidermis, endodermis, cortex, pericycle, problem. In the center of the root vascular system is present. The vascular system is present for the transport of water to the other plant parts which are absorbed by the root.
Roots work as storage of food. Roots conduct the transport of absorbed water and dissolved minerals to the stem. These also provide support to the plant. It absorbs minerals and water. Roots act as the lifeline of a plant because it takes up the nutrients and water from the soil and transports them to the leaves where photosynthesis occurs by taking sunlight. And produces energy for the plant, which is very necessary for the growth of the plant.