
Explain why: is more stable than towards oxidation state to +3 state.(At. No. of Mn=25, Fe=26)
Answer
503.1k+ views
Hint: Fully filled and Half filled electronic configurations are more stable. Oxidation states with stable configurations are more easy to obtain than oxidation states with relatively less stable electron configurations.
Complete answer:
Manganese has atomic number 25, and electronic configuration of manganese is .
On removal of two electrons,it becomes , whose configuration is .
As we can see that on removal of two electrons, manganese have a configuration where d-block is half filled. We know that half filled and fully filled orbitals are more stable than any other configuration. Therefore, is stable at this oxidation state.
Iron has atomic number 26, and electronic configuration of Iron is .
On removal of two electrons, it becomes , whose configuration is .
Now Iron has six electrons in d-orbital, making the d-orbital unsymmetrically filled. So to obtain symmetry and more stability it will lose one more electron to go on to +3 oxidation state.
After losing one more electron from , it becomes, , whose configuration is .
Now we see, in , d-orbital is half filled with configuration. It is more stable than configuration in .
Now, when we compare, manganese and iron, we see that manganese has half filled d-orbital in +2 oxidation state which is more stable than any other oxidation state of manganese, and iron have half filled d-orbital in +3 oxidation state, therefore, iron tends to move toward +3 oxidation state and Manganese is stable at +2 oxidation state.
Note: The reason for the stability of half filled and fully filled orbitals or configurations is because of symmetry and exchange energy. The half filled and fully-filled orbitals are more symmetrical than any other configurations and symmetry leads to more stability. Also electrons present in different subshells exchange their positions, when electrons are filled symmetrically, exchange energy is less, hence greater stability.
Complete answer:
Manganese has atomic number 25, and electronic configuration of manganese is
On removal of two electrons,it becomes
As we can see that on removal of two electrons, manganese have a configuration where d-block is half filled. We know that half filled and fully filled orbitals are more stable than any other configuration. Therefore,
Iron has atomic number 26, and electronic configuration of Iron is
On removal of two electrons, it becomes
Now Iron has six electrons in d-orbital, making the d-orbital unsymmetrically filled. So to obtain symmetry and more stability it will lose one more electron to go on to +3 oxidation state.
After losing one more electron from
Now we see, in
Now, when we compare, manganese and iron, we see that manganese has half filled d-orbital in +2 oxidation state which is more stable than any other oxidation state of manganese, and iron have half filled d-orbital in +3 oxidation state, therefore, iron tends to move toward +3 oxidation state and Manganese is stable at +2 oxidation state.
Note: The reason for the stability of half filled and fully filled orbitals or configurations is because of symmetry and exchange energy. The half filled and fully-filled orbitals are more symmetrical than any other configurations and symmetry leads to more stability. Also electrons present in different subshells exchange their positions, when electrons are filled symmetrically, exchange energy is less, hence greater stability.
Latest Vedantu courses for you
Grade 10 | CBSE | SCHOOL | English
Vedantu 10 CBSE Pro Course - (2025-26)
School Full course for CBSE students
₹37,300 per year
Recently Updated Pages
Master Class 11 Economics: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Business Studies: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Accountancy: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 English: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Computer Science: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Master Class 11 Maths: Engaging Questions & Answers for Success

Trending doubts
State and prove Bernoullis theorem class 11 physics CBSE

1 ton equals to A 100 kg B 1000 kg C 10 kg D 10000 class 11 physics CBSE

State the laws of reflection of light

One Metric ton is equal to kg A 10000 B 1000 C 100 class 11 physics CBSE

1 Quintal is equal to a 110 kg b 10 kg c 100kg d 1000 class 11 physics CBSE

Difference Between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells
