Question

Explain with reasons.
Blood donation is considered to be superior to all donations.

Answer 1

Hint: Blood donation is related to Blood groups and blood transfusion. Blood is donated to the person who is in need of blood. It is done by determining the blood groups and by transfusing the required blood group in an individual.

Complete answer
Blood donation is done in order to save a person’s life. It is done by the process of blood transfusion in which blood is transferred from one person (donor) to the another person (receipnt). It is also called a life saving procedure.
Blood is transferred when the recipient's blood group matches with the donor’s blood group. Blood groups are of 4 types, A, B, AB, O. While transfusing the blood, antigen of the donor, and the antibody of the recipient are considered. The antibody of the donor and antigen of the recipient are not considered. Blood group O is said to be a universal donor because it has no antigen so agglutination does not occur with any other group of the blood. Blood group AB is said to be a universal recipient because plasma of AB blood group has no antibody which does not cause agglutination.

Blood Group	Antigen on RBCs	Antibodies to Plasma	Donor’s Groups
A	A	anti-B	A, O
B	B	anti-A	B,O
AB	A, B	nil	AB, A, B, O
O	nil	anti A, B	O

For blood to be donated from the donor, precautions should be taken:
-Donor must be healthy, without any diseases like, sexually transmitted diseases, viruses like hepatitis, etc.
-Compatible blood must be transferred.
-Transfusion of blood should be slow, to avoid load to the heart.
-Transfusion of blood should not be done by faulty techniques, otherwise reactions would take place.
Blood donation is required when there is blood loss due to accidents, surgeries. It is also important when regular blood transfusion is required in the case of anemia, hemorrhage, or trauma, burns. Many single lives can be saved if blood is available at the right time. No other deed is as excellent as blood donation as it saves precious human life. Many people lose their lives due to lack of blood. So, blood donation is done by healthy individuals irrespective of caste, creed, race so that timely human life is saved.

Note:
Blood grouping antigen and antibody are special types of glycoproteins.
A, B, O blood group is discovered by Landsteiner.
Agglutination is the process of mixing the antigen with the antibody which produces reaction.