Question

Give an account of Muhammad Tughluq’s administration.

Answer 1

Hint: -A ground force is a combat force that operates mostly on land. It is in the broadest sense, a land-based military branch, a service branch or an armed service of a nation or state.
-Money that has no real value relative to its nominal value. Unlike fiat currency, which often has no intrinsic value, there is a small amount of legal tender.

Complete answer: Muhammad bin Tughluq was a Delhi Sultan from 1325 to 1351. He was Ghiyas-ud-Din-eldest Tughlaq's son, the father of the Tughlaq dynasty. His wife was the daughter of Dipalpur Raja. The Tughluq dynasty originated during the Middle Ages of India and was of Turkish-Indian descent.
-The dynasty was primarily administered by the Sultanate of Delhi. The Tugluq dynasty emerged in 1312 and ended in 1413 and was ruled by several rulers such as Ghazi Malik, Muhammad-bin-Tughluq, etc. During the reign of the Tughlaq dynasty, India experienced significant changes in domestic and foreign policy.
Administration of Muhammad Tughluq -
-The early years of Muhammad Tughluq's reign were marked by Mongolian attacks, which were limited by Tughluq's sincere efforts. He has taken a range of administrative steps, such as Alauddin Khilji. In Delhi, he raised a large standing army.
-The oldest of the four cities of Delhi (Delhi-i-Kunba) was emptied in order to garrison his soldiers there. Residents of the old town have been sent to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south
-He made provisions for collecting the goods as a tax to feed the troops. Since it was very difficult to sustain a large number of troops, the Sultan imposed additional taxes that coincided with famine in the region.
-Muhammad Tughluq paid cash wages to the troops. For this reason, he introduced a 'token' currency made of cheap metals. The people of the 1$4^{th}$ century did not trust these coins. They saved their gold and silver coins, and with this token money, they paid all their taxes to the state.

Note: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is known as the “Man of Ideas" and can be said to be one of the most striking sultans of medieval India.
-He was a trained intellectual, a keen reader of Persian poetry and a philosopher, a science and mathematics lover. He is known for his concept of a central capital and his experiments with a nominal currency token.