Question

How do you calculate the pH of HCl?

Answer 1

Hint:. First we should know about the concentration of HCl solution or the molarity of the solution, then by applying the pH formula as $pH=-\log [H^{+}]$, we can easily find the pH of the solution. Now solve it.

Complete step by step answer:
- First of all, let’s discuss what is pH. pH gives us the measure of acid/base strength of any solution. pH scale ranges from 0-14, 7 is neutral, below 7 it represents acidic nature i.e. the compound is acidic and above 7 it represents basic nature i.e. the compound is basic.
- HCl stands for hydrochloric acid and it is a very strong acid. So, from this we come to know that its pH should fall in the range between $0-7$.
Now, considering the statement:
- First, of all we should know about the molarity of the solution i.e. the concentration of HCl in $mol\text{ lite}{\text{r}}^{-1}$ and then we can easily calculate the pH of HCl solution by using the pH formula as;
$pH=-\log [H^{+}]$ -----------(1)
i.e. pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion.
- Here, $H^{+}$ represents the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the solution and the concentration of both the acid i.e. HCl and hydrogen ions i.e. $H^{+}$ in the solution is the same. It is so because, HCl is a very strong acid and dissociates completely into the hydrogen ions and chloride ions as;
 $HCl\to H^{+}+C{l}^{-}$
- Now, if suppose that the molarity of solution is $0.1M$
Then, the pH of the HCl solution is as;
Using equation (1), we get:
$\begin{array}{rl}& pH=-\log [0.1]\\ & \text{ = }-\log [1\times {10}^{-1}]\\ & \text{ = }-\log [{10}^{-1}]\\ & \text{ =}-(-1)\log 10\text{ (log10=1)}\\ & \text{ =1}\end{array}$
Thus, in this way we can find the pH of the HCl solution.

Note: Molarity may be defined as the no. of moles of the solute to the total volume of the solution in liters or $1000\text{ ml}$ of the solution. it is represented by the symbol as M.
$molarity={\displaystyle \frac{no.ofmolesofthesolute}{totalvolumeofsolutioninliters}}$