Question

What is the hybridization in organic chemistry?

Answer 1

Hint :We know that the hybridization of methane having formula $ CH_{4}^{{}} $ is $ s{{p}^{3}} $ because the carbon atom is attached with four hydrogen atoms. The hybridization of ethene having formula $ C{{H}_{2}}=C{{H}_{2}} $ is $ s{{p}^{2}} $ because one each carbon atom is attached with three atoms.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Each atom has a different configuration so all the elements have different atomic orbitals. When different elements combine to form the orbitals that have the same energy and identical shapes, there will be a formation of a compound. These orbitals are known as hybrid orbitals. So, we can define the process of mixing of the atomic orbitals belonging to the same atom but having slightly different energies, to form new orbitals of equal energies and identical shape after the distribution of energy takes place is known as hybridization.
There are some points about hybridization:
Only the orbitals that have approximate equal energies and belong to the same atom or ion can undergo hybridization.
The number of formed hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of mixing atomic orbitals.
The process of hybridization only takes place during bond formation, and it does not take place in the isolated atom.
The geometry of the molecule can be predicted by the hybridization of the molecule.
The hybridization of different types of orbitals allows the atom to form more bonds and bonds that are more equal. This results in a more stable molecule. Hybrid orbitals are mixtures of atomic orbitals in various proportions. For example, the hybrid orbitals on the $ C $ atom of methane consist of one-fourth s character and three-fourths $ p $ character.

Note :
Remember that in sp hybridization, one s-orbital and one p-orbital are involved in the bond formation, in $ s{{p}^{2}} $ hybridization, one s-orbital and two p-orbitals are involved in the bond formation, in $ s{{p}^{3}}{{d}^{2}} $ hybridization, one s-orbital, three p-orbitals, and two d- orbitals are involved in the formation of a bond, etc.