Question

In the process of electrostatic induction
$(a)$ A conductor is rubbed with an insulator
$(b)$A charge is produced by friction
$(c)$ Negative and positive charges are separated
$(d)$ Electrons are sprayed on the object

Answer 1

Hint – In this question use the basic concept of electrostatic induction which in turns focuses over the separation of opposite charges. For example if we talk about the process of formation of a channel in Mosfet then the negative charges separate out with the positive charges to form a channel through which electrons can flow and electricity can be circulated. This will help approaching the problem.
Step-By-Step solution:
Electrostatic induction
It is also known as ‘electrostatic influence’ or ‘redistribution of electric charges in an object’.
Electrostatic induction is created due to the influence of nearby charges (either positive or negative) in the presence of a charged body whether it is positively charged or negatively charged.
As we know that every normal uncharged piece of object present in the environment has equal number of negative and positive charges, now when we brought a charged piece of object near this uncharged piece of object like charges attract and unlike charges are repelled i.e. there is a separation of charges on the uncharged piece of object.
I.e. if we brought a positive side of charged object towards the uncharged piece of object all the negative charges present in the uncharged piece of object stick to one side and it will attract towards the positive charge of the charged object i.e. there is a separation of positive and negative charges in the uncharged piece of object.
Similarly if we brought a negative side of charged object towards the uncharged piece of object all the positive charges present in the uncharged piece of object stick to one side and it will attract towards the negative charge of the charged object i.e. there is a separation of positive and negative charges in the uncharged piece of object.
So in the process of electrostatic induction there is a separation of negative and positive charges.
So this is the required answer.
Hence option (C) is the correct answer.

Note – The first option that is when a conductor is rubbed with an insulator is a basic example of electrostatic conduction. In electrostatic conduction a charged object is simply rubbed or placed in contact with an electrically neutral object like an insulator. It is the main reason that when a spoon is continuously rubbed against our head then it tends to polarize the piece of paper placed near it. The concept of electrostatic conduction is somewhat different from that of electrostatic induction.