Question

In which temperature range Petrol, diesel, kerosene, and lubricating oil are obtained in the fractional distillation of Petroleum.

Answer 1

Hint: Before answering this question, we should know what is fractional distillation. The process through which crude oil gets separated into different and useful hydrocarbons products depending on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower by oil refineries is known as Fractional distillation.

Complete answer:
Process:
This process is not complicated, it is simple but this process is very important as it helps in the separation of all different complex compounds of crude oil. What happens is To vapourize the crude oil, heating is done so that it could come at the bottom of the distillation tower. The vapor which we get from this can rise with the help of the vertical column. As soon as the gases rise with the help of a tower, there is a decrease in the temperature. Many hydrocarbons condense and run off at different levels as soon as the temperature decreases. Every fraction which condenses has hydrocarbon molecules with the same number of carbon atoms. The boiling point helps hydrocarbons to be separated in just one step. When this rough refinement occurs, fuels get separated and those fuels go for further refinement to clear it from all the unwanted substances and helps in the improvement of quality of the fuel with process cracking.
Petrol: Petrol is obtained in the temperature range of 303K and 393K with the help of fractional distillation of petroleum.
Diesel: The temperature range to obtain diesel is 533K and 613K.
Kerosene: The temperature range to obtain kerosene is 473K and 548K.
Lubricating oil: The temperature range to obtain lubricating oil is any temperature above 613K.

Note:
The initial stage for processing of crude oil is considered as a vital step as it helps in the rough separation of the fuels. The compounds that are separated are different and are known as fractions. These fractions include gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and bitumen. This process helps to obtain a lot of useful products from crude oil but some environmental consequences come with it.