Answer
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Hint: In order to find solution of this question force on A due to B must be equal to force on A due to sphere S to do so we have to find electric field on AB in order to do it we have to draw gauss’s surface inside a sphere S with radius r.
Formula used: $\oint{\overrightarrow{E}}.d\overrightarrow{A}=\dfrac{{{Q}_{in}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
$F=\dfrac{k{{q}_{1}}{{q}_{2}}}{{{r}^{2}}}$
Complete answer:
In order to find a solution and equilibrium condition force on A due to B is equal to force on A due to S since A and B are at equal distance and have equal charge Q.
${{F}_{AB}}={{F}_{AS}}......\left( 1 \right)$
Now force on A due to B
${{F}_{AB}}=\dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 2a \right)}^{2}}}.....\left( 2 \right)$
${{F}_{AB}}$ = electric force between A and B
k $=\dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$= proportionality constant
Q = charge
a = radius or distance between two charges.
Force due to S and A
${{F}_{AS}}=E.Q.....\left( 3 \right)$
First we have to find electric field E we will take gauss’s surface to find electric field on A and B now,
$\oint{\overrightarrow{E}}.d\overrightarrow{A}=\dfrac{{{Q}_{in}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
$\overrightarrow{E}=$ Electric field
$dA$ = area
${{Q}_{in}}=$ Charge inside a sphere
${{\varepsilon }_{0}}$ = permittivity
Electric field is constant hence
$E\oint{dA=}{}_{0}\int{^{r}}\dfrac{\rho dv}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
Now we know that area of the radius r circle is
$A=4\pi {{r}^{2}}$
And it is given in question that $\rho =kr$
Now
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow E.4\pi {{r}^{2}}={}_{0}\int{^{r}}kr\dfrac{4\pi {{r}^{2}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}dr \\
& \Rightarrow E.4\pi {{r}^{2}}=\dfrac{4\pi k}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\left( \dfrac{{{r}^{4}}}{4} \right) \\
& \therefore E=\dfrac{k{{r}^{2}}}{4{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}....\left( 4 \right) \\
\end{align}$
Now we have to find k in order to do it we will use the below equation
Charge on whole sphere
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow {}_{o}\int{^{2Q}}dQ={}_{o}\int{^{R}}\rho dv \\
& \Rightarrow 2Q{{=}_{o}}\int{^{R}}kr4\pi {{r}^{2}}dr \\
& \Rightarrow 2Q=k4\pi \dfrac{{{R}^{4}}}{4} \\
& \therefore k=\dfrac{2Q}{\pi {{R}^{4}}} \\
\end{align}$
Now substitute the value of k in equation (4)
$E=\dfrac{Q{{r}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}$
From figure we can put r = a
$E=\dfrac{Q{{a}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}...\left( 5 \right)$
Now put all the values in equation (1)
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow {{F}_{AB}}={{F}_{AS}} \\
& \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 2a \right)}^{2}}}=E.Q \\
\end{align}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 4a \right)}^{2}}}=\dfrac{Q.{{a}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}\times Q$
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{16{{a}^{2}}}=\dfrac{{{a}^{2}}}{2{{R}^{4}}} \\
& \Rightarrow {{a}^{4}}=\dfrac{2}{16}{{R}^{4}} \\
& \Rightarrow {{a}^{4}}=\dfrac{1}{8}{{R}^{4}} \\
& \therefore a={{8}^{-\dfrac{1}{4}}}R \\
\end{align}$
Hence the correct option is (c).
Note:
In this question we have to consider both the charge A and B inside the sphere if we consider them outside the sphere the solution could lead us to the wrong answer or solution.
Formula used: $\oint{\overrightarrow{E}}.d\overrightarrow{A}=\dfrac{{{Q}_{in}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
$F=\dfrac{k{{q}_{1}}{{q}_{2}}}{{{r}^{2}}}$
Complete answer:
In order to find a solution and equilibrium condition force on A due to B is equal to force on A due to S since A and B are at equal distance and have equal charge Q.
${{F}_{AB}}={{F}_{AS}}......\left( 1 \right)$
Now force on A due to B
${{F}_{AB}}=\dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 2a \right)}^{2}}}.....\left( 2 \right)$
${{F}_{AB}}$ = electric force between A and B
k $=\dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$= proportionality constant
Q = charge
a = radius or distance between two charges.
![seo images](https://www.vedantu.com/question-sets/f3bdb75f-6bda-4d36-ac4f-42a8ca7392886265484684780431825.png)
Force due to S and A
${{F}_{AS}}=E.Q.....\left( 3 \right)$
First we have to find electric field E we will take gauss’s surface to find electric field on A and B now,
$\oint{\overrightarrow{E}}.d\overrightarrow{A}=\dfrac{{{Q}_{in}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
$\overrightarrow{E}=$ Electric field
$dA$ = area
${{Q}_{in}}=$ Charge inside a sphere
${{\varepsilon }_{0}}$ = permittivity
Electric field is constant hence
$E\oint{dA=}{}_{0}\int{^{r}}\dfrac{\rho dv}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}$
Now we know that area of the radius r circle is
$A=4\pi {{r}^{2}}$
And it is given in question that $\rho =kr$
Now
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow E.4\pi {{r}^{2}}={}_{0}\int{^{r}}kr\dfrac{4\pi {{r}^{2}}}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}dr \\
& \Rightarrow E.4\pi {{r}^{2}}=\dfrac{4\pi k}{{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\left( \dfrac{{{r}^{4}}}{4} \right) \\
& \therefore E=\dfrac{k{{r}^{2}}}{4{{\varepsilon }_{0}}}....\left( 4 \right) \\
\end{align}$
Now we have to find k in order to do it we will use the below equation
Charge on whole sphere
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow {}_{o}\int{^{2Q}}dQ={}_{o}\int{^{R}}\rho dv \\
& \Rightarrow 2Q{{=}_{o}}\int{^{R}}kr4\pi {{r}^{2}}dr \\
& \Rightarrow 2Q=k4\pi \dfrac{{{R}^{4}}}{4} \\
& \therefore k=\dfrac{2Q}{\pi {{R}^{4}}} \\
\end{align}$
Now substitute the value of k in equation (4)
$E=\dfrac{Q{{r}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}$
From figure we can put r = a
$E=\dfrac{Q{{a}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}...\left( 5 \right)$
Now put all the values in equation (1)
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow {{F}_{AB}}={{F}_{AS}} \\
& \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 2a \right)}^{2}}}=E.Q \\
\end{align}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{4\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}}\dfrac{{{Q}^{2}}}{{{\left( 4a \right)}^{2}}}=\dfrac{Q.{{a}^{2}}}{2\pi {{\varepsilon }_{0}}{{R}^{4}}}\times Q$
$\begin{align}
& \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{16{{a}^{2}}}=\dfrac{{{a}^{2}}}{2{{R}^{4}}} \\
& \Rightarrow {{a}^{4}}=\dfrac{2}{16}{{R}^{4}} \\
& \Rightarrow {{a}^{4}}=\dfrac{1}{8}{{R}^{4}} \\
& \therefore a={{8}^{-\dfrac{1}{4}}}R \\
\end{align}$
Hence the correct option is (c).
Note:
In this question we have to consider both the charge A and B inside the sphere if we consider them outside the sphere the solution could lead us to the wrong answer or solution.
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