Question

Match the following.

(A) Simple distillation	(1) To separate the liquids which are steam volatile, insoluble in water and contain non-volatile impurities.
(B) Fractional distillation	(2) To separate liquids which decompose at a temperature below their normal boiling points.
(C) Vacuum distillation	(3) To separate two or more liquids which have boiling points close to each other.
(D) Steam distillation	(4) To separate liquid from non-volatile impurities.

(a) (A)-(1), (B)-(2), (C)-(3), (D)-(4)
(b) (A)-(4), (B)-(3), (C)-(2), (D)-(1)
(c) (A)-(3), (B)-(1), (C)-(4), (D)-(2)
(d) (A)-(2), (B)-(4), (C)-(1), (D)-(3)

Answer 1

Hint :There are some processes given in the table. We have to match the process with their respective purposes. All the processes are separation methods and different types of distillation. These separation methods are employed to separate two liquids from each other.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Simple distillation is used to separate a volatile liquid from non-volatile impurities or two volatile liquids which have different boiling points. If two liquids have different boiling points, it means they vaporize at different temperatures. Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of two liquids are close to each other. Generally, the difference between the boiling points of two liquids is $ {30^ \circ }C $ or more to be separated by fractional distillation. Vacuum distillation is used for the purification of high boiling liquids and liquids that decompose at or below their boiling points. Steam distillation is used for liquids which are not soluble in water, containing non-volatile impurities and are steam volatile.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.

Note :
In vacuum distillation, pressure is lowered in the column above the solvent to less than the vapor pressure of the mixture, so that vacuum is created. This causes elements with lower vapor pressures to be evaporated. Vacuum distillation is better than simple distillation because of faster processing time.