Question

Name and define the 2 forms potential energy.

Answer 1

Hint
Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object or substance or conserved. This stored energy is based on the object or substance 's position, arrangement or state.You can think of it as the 'potential' capacity to do work. The accumulated energy will be released when the location, arrangement or state of the object changes.

Complete step by step answer
Potential energy is basically of two types-
Gravitational Potential Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy-
The general gravitational potential energy expression emerges from the law of gravity and is equal to the work performed against gravity to carry a mass in space to a given point. The force reaches zero over vast distances due to the inverse square existence of the gravity force, and it makes sense to select the zero of gravitational potential energy at an infinite distance away. The potential gravitational energy near a planet is then negative, as gravity acts positively as mass approaches. This negative potential indicates "bound state"; it is trapped once a mass is near a large body until something can provide sufficient energy to enable it to escape.
The general form of Mass m gravitational potential energy is:
$U=\dfrac{-GmM}{R}$
Owing to its location in a gravitational field, gravitational potential energy is energy that an object owns.
For an object near the Earth's surface, where the gravitational acceleration can be presumed to be
constant at around $9.8m{{s}^{-2}}$.
$P{{E}_{gravitational}}=mass\times height$
$\Rightarrow PE=m\times g\times h$
The above equation is the more generalised form, where-
PE-Potential Energy, M-mass, g-acceleration due to gravity, h-height
Elastic Potential Energy-
Energy accumulated as a result of applying a force to bend an elastic material is elastic potential energy. Until the force is extracted, the energy is retained and the object springs back to its original form, doing work in the process. Compressing, stretching or rotating the material could be involved in the deformation. For example, several objects are specifically designed to store elastic potential energy, such as:
-A wind-up clock's coil spring
-The stretched bow of an archer
-Right before the divers leap, a bent diving board
-The twisted band of rubber powering a toy aeroplane
-A bouncy ball, compressed off a brick wall at the moment it bounces.
There would usually be a high elastic limit for an object built to store elastic potential energy, but all elastic structures have a limit to the load they can bear. The object can no longer revert to its original shape when deformed beyond the elastic limit. Wind-up mechanical watches operated by coil springs were popular accessories in earlier generations.

Note
Potential energy is energy which is stored in an object or object system. To give a few examples, it can be linked to its location, the bonds in its chemical structure, its potential for radioactive decay or even its form. It has the power or ability to be converted into more apparent forms, such as kinetic energy. Mechanical energy is made up of potential energy and kinetic energy.