Question

Name the three types of electrolyte. Give an example for each.

Answer 1

Hint: There are three types of electrolytes mainly. The one which gives proton on dissociation, second one gives us hydroxide ion on dissociation. The third one forms out from the above two by neutralization reaction.

Complete step by step answer:
An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into its ions or produces electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent. We can classify the electrolytes into mainly 3 types as Acid, Base and Salt. Let us discuss each of them one by one.
Acid: An acid is a substance which gives \[{{\text{H}}^ + }\] ions when dissolved into the aqueous solvent. The above definition is based on the Arrhenius concept of acid and base. According to Bronsted, an acid is a substance that donates protons in any solvent. According to Lewis, acid is a substance which gains electrons. Examples of acidic electrolytes are:
Sulphuric acid \[{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}\] , hydrochloric acid \[{\text{HCl}}\] , acetic acid \[{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{COOH}}\] etc.
Base: A base is a substance which gives \[{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }\] ions when dissolved into the aqueous solvent. The above definition is based on the Arrhenius concept of acid and base. According to Bronsted, a base is a substance that accepts protons in any solvent. According to Lewis, base is a substance which loses or donates electrons. Examples of basic electrolytes are:
Sodium hydroxide \[{\text{NaOH}}\] , calcium hydroxide \[{\text{Ca}}{({\text{OH}})_2}\] , Ammonia \[{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\] etc.
Salt: A salt is formed out of neutralization of acid and base. They dissociate into its respective ions when dissolved in polar solvents. Some of the examples of salts are:
Sodium chloride \[{\text{NaCl}}\], calcium chloride \[{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}\] etc.

Note:
An electrolyte does not conduct electricity in the solid state. They only conduct electricity in the dissolved state because then only the movements of ions are possible. In solid state no movement of charged particles is there hence, no electricity is conducted.