Question

Name the two types of cytokinesis.

Answer 1

Hint: The cytokinesis a process of cell division in which the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells. It occurs completely along with two types of nuclear division called the mitosis and the process in the animal cell. In two types of cytokinesis, one occurs in plant cells and the other in the animal cells.

Complete answer:
In the term Cytokinesis: cytos means cell and kinesis mean division so, together it is called cell division. The cytokinesis is of two types, one that occurs in the plant cell is cell plate formation and the other in the animal cell is embryonic cleavage.
During the cell division, in plant cells, a new cell wall is formed to separate their daughter cells. This new fragment of cell wall forming in the middle of the parent cell is a cell plate. This cell plate ensures that the entire content of the parent cell must get divided into two equal parts to become the daughter cell. The “plate” is made up of hard sugars that are formed in the middle of the parent cell, which will develop into the cell wall of the future daughter cells. It is formed When vesicles from the Golgi apparatus carrying phospholipids move to make the cell membrane, and also the sugars move to form the cell wall, they get assembled and delivered at the equator of the dividing cell and get attached with the spindle fibers. Simultaneously a cell plate is forming along the periphery. The division is complete with the complete formation of the cell plate.
In an animal cell, the cleavage refers to the first cell divisions that occur when an embryo begins to become an embryo. The cleavage process is followed by fertilization, with the transfer being triggered by the activation of a cyclin-dependent kinase complex. The zygotes of the many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant overall growth, producing a cluster of cells an equivalent size because of the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and therefore the compact mass of blastomeres formed is named the morula. With the formation of the blastula the cleavage ends. Depending mostly on the amount of yolk in the egg, the cleavage can be holoblastic or total or entire cleavage and meroblastic or partial cleavage. The pole of the egg with the very best concentration of yolk is mentioned because of the vegetal pole while the other is mentioned because of the animal pole. Cleavage differs from other sorts of cellular division therein it increases the number of cells and nuclear mass without increasing the cytoplasmic mass. This means that with each successive subdivision, half the cytoplasm with content is also divided into each cell than before that division, and thus the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic material increases.

Note: -Cell walls serve the double purpose of protecting the precious contents of plant cells, such as their nuclei, and allowing a plant to have a free-standing structure.
-In a plant cell, the cell division occurs by the formation of a cell plate in the direction perpendicular to the equatorial plate or at the equator of the cell. The cell plate grows towards the periphery that means centrifugal progression occurs to divide the cell into two.
-In an animal cell, the cell wall undergoes cleavage at specific points that are opposite to every other. The cleavages thus formed grow towards the middle, centripetal manner, to divide the cytoplasm into two.