Question

How many parts is the human brain divided into? Is one of the parts the hindbrain?

Answer 1

Hint: The command center and the control organ of the- human nervous system is called the human brain. Its main function is to receive signals from the sensory organs and send the necessary output signals to the receptor organs or muscles.

Complete answer:
The human brain is one of the largest organs in our body. It is also called the command center or crown jewel of the body. It controls the sensory and motor organs of our body by supplying output signals to the muscles after processing the input signals from the sensory organs. It also regulates our speech, breathing, emotions, judgment, taste, touch, memory, attention, and various other voluntary and involuntary features. It weighs around 3 pounds and has four major lobes. It is made up of soft tissues and has a high amount of fat and water content.
Anatomically, the brain is divided into 3 major parts- the forebrain, the Midbrain, and the Hindbrain.

Forebrain- It is situated at the front of the brain and develops from the developmental prosencephalon. It is the largest part of the brain and is further divided into two subdivisions- Telencephalon and Diencephalon. It consists of three major parts- Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, and Thalamus. The pituitary gland, olfactory lobe, and limbic system is also a part of the forebrain.
The Cerebrum constitutes 85 percent of the brain and is the uppermost part of the brain. Its major functions are- controlling and planning the voluntary movements of the motor organs, processing and recognizing the visual, sensory, gustatory, and olfactory information. It also plays a major role in sensing, interpreting, and processing sounds and somatosensation, and proprioception. It also controls behavior, personality, emotions, judgment, organization, understanding of various languages, etc.
Hypothalamus- It lies at the base of the brain and is very small in structure. It is formed of various nerve fibers and neural connections. Its major functions are- homeostasis of the body, thermoregulation, thirst, and hunger, emotional behavior, sex drive, blood pressure, and various other daily activities of the body. It also controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Thalamus- It is a subdivision of the diencephalon and is mostly made up of grey matter. Its major functions can be divided into four categories - Emotional, Sensory, Motor, and Vegetative. It affects the arousal, alertness, sexual sensation, language, and speech, reflex, and pain in the body.

Midbrain- It is situated in the middle portion of the brain and develops from the developmental mesencephalon. It consists of the parts -Tectum and Tegmentum.
The tectum lies at the dorsal side of the midbrain and consists of the superior and inferior colliculi. The main function of this organ is to maintain auditory and visual reflexes.
The tegmentum lies at the ventral side of the midbrain and consists of the reticular formation, various ascending and descending pathways, cranial nerves, and the nucleus associated with them. Its main function is motor movements and movements of the eye.

Hindbrain- It is situated at the back or posterior end of the brain and develops from the developmental rhombencephalon. It consists of the parts- Cerebellum, Pons, and Medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum- It is made up of grey matter and white matter. It is located near the brainstem and is the major structure of the hindbrain. It is further divided into three parts- the cerebrocerebellum, the spinocerebellum, and the vestibulocerebellum. Its major functions are- coordination of voluntary movements, balance, coordination, speech, posture, judgment reasoning, problem-solving, etc.
Pons- It has two major components- ventral pons and the tegmentum. It is the largest part of the hindbrain and serves as a connection between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Its main functions are regulating- arousal activities, facial expressions, dreams. It also controls the sleep cycle and regulates the breathing of our body. It also relays the sensory information to the cerebellum.
Medulla oblongata- It is located at the lower part of the brainstem. It consists of two parts- the ventral medulla and dorsal medulla. It is responsible for controlling all the autonomous functions and activities of the body like- breathing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, etc. It also plays a major role in maintaining the respiration rate and heart rate of the body.

Note: The brainstem is the autonomous control center of the brain present at its- distal and posterior side. It runs continuously with the spinal cord and controls various involuntary functions of our bodies. The human brain stem consists of three main regions- the Midbrain, the Pons region, and the Medulla oblongata.