Question

Peltier effect is the converse of
A.Joule effect
B.Raman effect
C.Thomson effect
D.Seebeck effect

Answer 1

Hint: The thermoelectric effect is the use of a thermocouple to convert temperature variations to electric voltage and vice versa. When the temperature on both sides of a thermoelectric device differs, a voltage is generated. Heat is transported from one side to the other when a voltage is applied to it, resulting in a temperature differential. An imposed temperature gradient causes charge carriers in a material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side at the atomic level.

Complete answer:
Heat is produced at one junction and absorbed at the other junction when an electric current is conducted through a thermocouple circuit. The Peltier Effect is the name for this phenomenon. The Peltier effect is defined as the presence of heating or cooling at an electrified junction of two distinct conductors. It was discovered in 1834 by French scientist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier. Heat can be created or dissipated at a junction between two conductors, A and B, when a current is made to flow through it. The Peltier heat created per unit time at the junction is \[\dot Q = ({\Pi _{\text{A}}} - {\Pi _{\text{B}}})I,\]
where A and B's Peltier coefficients are\[{\Pi _{\text{A}}},{\Pi _B}\], and I is the electric current (from A to B).
The Seebeck effect is an electromotive force that arises when a temperature differential exists between two locations of an electrically conducting material. The Seebeck emf is the name of the emf. The Seebeck coefficient is the ratio of the emf to the temperature difference. A thermocouple is a device that detects the potential difference between two dissimilar materials at their hot and cold ends. The temperature differential between the hot and cold ends determines the potential difference. The Seebeck effect is a typical electromotive force (EMF) that produces quantifiable currents or voltages in the same manner that other EMFs do. The local current density is calculated as follows: \[{\mathbf{J}} = \sigma ( - \nabla V + {{\mathbf{E}}_{{\text{emf}}}})\]
where V is the local voltage, and $\sigma $ is the local conductivity.
The temperature differential between two junctions of two metals linked together causes the Seebeck effect. While the Peltier effect is the polar opposite of the Seebeck effect, it occurs when a current flows across two metal junctions, one of which gets hot and the other becomes cool.

Hence the correct option is D.

Note:
The Seebeck and Peltier effects are two expressions of the same physical phenomenon, which may be referred to as the Peltier–Seebeck effect in textbooks (the separation derives from the independent discoveries by French physicist Jean Charles Athanase Peltier and Baltic German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck). Lord Kelvin is credited with developing the Thomson effect, which is an extension of the Peltier–Seebeck concept.