Question

What is the smallest unit of a chromosome?

Answer 1

Hint: DNA is a long string of paired chemical units (nucleotides) that exist in four different forms and transports information in the form of genes. The amount of DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts is a fraction of that contained in the nucleus.

Complete answer:
A nucleosome is the chromosome's smallest unit. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form this structure. It has a diameter of 10 nanometers. A core of eight histone proteins surrounds DNA, which is coiled around it. Around 200 bp of DNA are contained in each nucleosome. Linker DNA joins two nucleosomes together. Nucleosomes condense even further to produce chromatin fibres, which compact still more to form chromosomes.

There are two fundamental types of chromosomes in many species with different sexes: sex chromosomes and autosomes. Except for sex-linked features, which are governed by sex chromosomes, autosomes control the inheritance of all attributes. Humans have one pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes.

Normally, autosomes are found in pairs. One sex chromosome (X or Y) and 22 autosomes are contributed by sperm. One sex chromosome (X alone) and 22 autosomes are contributed by the egg. Microarray is sometimes referred to as a 24-chromosome microarray because there are 22 chromosomes, plus one each for X and Y, for a total of 24.

In a double helix, one chromosome has two DNA strands. The two DNA strands in chromosomes, on the other hand, are extremely lengthy. A single strand of DNA can be extremely short, even shorter than a tiny chromosome. Strands of DNA are formed by stringing together the four DNA bases.

Note: The simplest functioning units of heredity are genes. A gene is a DNA segment. They are in charge of a specific trait that is passed down from parents to children. At its most fundamental level, DNA is made up of a collection of smaller molecules known as nucleotides.