Question

What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905?

Answer 1

Hint: 

- The social, political, and economical conditions were a big mess before 1905.
- Many workers were religiously influenced and were divided based on class.
- Politically, there was just a communist-based party and other parties were not allowed.
- There was a rise in the price of consumer goods but the income was stable.

Complete answer:

The social, economical, and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were reversed:-

Economic Condition:

- About 85 percent of the population in the Russian empire trusted agriculture within the beginning of the 20 th century.

- Cultivators cultivated crops for his or her own needs and Russia was also a significant exporter of grains.

- Moscow and St Petersburg were the prominent industrial centers.

- When foreign investment increased within the industries and when the Russian railway network expanded many factories were founded within the 1890s.

- Iron and steel output quadrupled, and coal production doubled. Craftsmen and factory workers were almost equal in number, in some areas, within the 1900s.

Social Conditions: 

- Periodically, the land was pooled by the Russians, and as per the needs of the individual families, the commune divided it.

- Workers were divided in Russia, which was visible through their manners and dress.

- Peasants were divided. Some peasants were capitalists who employed workers, some peasants worked as labourers, some peasants were rich et al. were poor.

- Large properties were owned by Eastern Church, the Crown, and therefore the nobility.

- Peasants were so religious that they had no respect for nobility.

- Position and power were earned by Nobles not through their local popularity but through their services and to the Tsar.

- On an oversized scale in Southern Russia, in 1902, landlords were murdered, peasants refused to pay rent to the landlords and peasants wanted the land of the nobles.

Such incidents spread all across Russia in 1905.

Political Conditions: 

- Some Russian socialists felt that the Russian peasant custom of dividing land periodically made them natural socialists. So the main force of the revolution was the peasants and not workers; and Russia could quickly become a Socialist country compared to other countries. Through the late nineteenth century, Socialists were active within the countryside.

- Socialists who respected Marx’s ideas founded the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party in 1898.

However, it had to work as an illegal organisation, due to policing by the govt. It organised strikes, mobilised workers and founded a newspaper.

- In 1900, Socialist Revolutionary Party was founded by them.

- Socialist Revolutionary Party demanded that land belonging to nobles be transferred to peasants and thereby struggled for the prosperity of the peasants.

- About peasants there was disagreement between the Socialist Revolutionaries and therefore the Social Democrats.

- Due to differentiation within the Peasants, Lenin felt that Peasants couldn't be one grouping.

- Due to the strategy of the organisation, the party was divided, one was the Bolsheviks groups led by Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov who believed there should be control of the standard and number of members. The opposite Mensheviks believed the party should be open for all.

Before 1914, all political parties were illegal in Russia.

Note: 

- The interest for a Constituent Assembly was one of the significant requests of the revolution in the 1905 transformation of Russia. 

The prompt reasons for the 1905 revolutions were bombed state-level initiative and strategy, expansion neediness, hunger, Russo-Japanese War, the ascent of reformer and progressive gatherings, and Bloody Sunday. The upset prepared ideological groups and thoughts to brood.