Question

The Charter for the establishment of the East India Company was granted by
1. Queen Elizabeth I
2. Queen Anbolin
3. Queen Mary
4. Queen Victoria

Answer 1

Hint:
The charter granted to the East India Company gave it the sole right to trade with the East.
This meant that in England, no other trading company could compete with the East India Company.


Complete answer:
In 1600, Queen Elizabeth of London granted a formal charter to the East India Company, which gave the sole right to trade with the East. This meant that in England, no other trading company could compete with the East India Company. With this charter, the company could venture across the oceans, looking for new lands from which it could buy rope to sell at higher prices.
However, the royal charter could not prevent other European powers from entering the Eastern markets. By the time the first English ships sailed down the west coast of Africa and crossed the Indian Ocean; the Portuguese had their base in Goa and had already established their presence in the western coast of India.
The Dutch too were exploring the possibilities of trade in the Indian Ocean in the early seventeenth century. Soon there was the arrival of the French traders on the scene. The main problem was the demand for the same things by all the companies. In Europe there was a huge market of the fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India. The demand for Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon was also high.
The prices at which these goods were purchased got inevitably pushed up due to the competition amongst the European companies, and this reduced the profits that could be earned. Eliminating the rival competitors was the only way that the trading companies could flourish. Therefore, the urge to secure markets led to fierce battles between the trading companies.
In the first few decades of its existence, The East India Company made great progress in India, where it acquired unmatched trade privileges from India’s Mogul emperors. By the 1630s, the company concentrated on its lucrative trade of Indian textiles and Chinese tea and almost entirely abandoned its East Indies operations. The company increasingly became an agent of British imperialism in the early 18th century, as its intervention increased in the Indian and Chinese political affairs. The rival French East India Company and the Dutch were defeated by the military of the East India Company in 1752 and 1759 respectively.
In 1773, the Regulating Act was passed by the British government to regulate the company. The British governor general subsequently managed the company’s possessions in India and it gradually lost political and economic autonomy. The parliamentary acts of 1813 ended the trade monopoly of East India Company, and in 1834 it was transformed into a managing agency for the British government of India.

Option (B) Queen Anbolin: This option is incorrect. She was the Queen of England from 1533 to 1536.

Option (C) Queen Mary: This option is incorrect. She was the Empress consort of India in the 1900s.

Option (D) Queen Victoria: This option is incorrect. She was voted by the Parliament as the Empress of India in 1876.

Therefore the answer is 1. Queen Elizabeth I


Note:
In 1857, a widespread uprising against British rule in India was developed from a revolt started by the Indian soldiers in the Bengal army of the company.
In 1858, after the so-called Indian Mutiny was crushed, the British government assumed direct control over India, and ultimately the East India Company was dissolved in 1873.