Question

The curve given here shows the enzymatic activity with relation to three conditions (pH, temperature, and substrate concentration). What do the axes, X and Y represent?

(a) X-axis -Substrate concentration, Y-axis - Enzyme activity
(b) X-axis - Enzyme activity, Y-axis - Temperature
(c) X-axis - Enzyme activity, Y-axis - pH
(d) X-axis - Temperature, Y-axis - Enzyme activity

Answer 1

Hint: Enzymes are the constituents of the various amino acids and may change due to various physical conditions. They are helpful in various functions of the body that includes growth and development, reproduction, and various life processes.

Complete answer:
Enzymes are major proteins and some exist in RNA form, which are known as the catalytic RNAs or ribozymes, but no enzymes exist in lipid form. The proteins are the most important biomolecules found in the enzyme. The enzyme’s activity, functioning, and potential may vary due to several factors that include both the chemical and the physical factors. These factors include pH, temperature, etc. The proteins are responsible for the increase in the activation energy of the enzymes and results in the formation of the substrate.
The higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of the enzymes resulting in the enzyme activity. The enzymes when exposed to high temperatures that are more than the optimum temperature then will denature as they are made up of proteins. The enzymes present in the case of that organism that lives in either extremely hot (when the temperature is more than 80-degree Celcius) or extreme cold environmental conditions will denature. This breakdown occurs due to the break in the peptide bonds of the enzymes.
-The pH is the important physical factor and the pH around the enzymes are the main components of their functioning. For enzymes to function maximally and properly the optimal pH needs to be maintained which ranges from 6.8 to 7.2.

So, the correct answer is ‘X-axis - Temperature, Y-axis - Enzyme activity’.

Note:
The enzymes react to their particular receptors only and are highly specific in nature. They have specific chemical and physical properties and functions according to them and thus show a 'lock and key' activation system. The activity of the enzyme will get affected by the high and the low temperatures. The high temperature will denature the enzyme while the low temperature will lower the activation energy of the enzyme thus resulting in the slow enzyme action. Therefore optimum temperature is required for the proper functioning of the enzymes.