Question

The dead cell component present in phloem is
(a) Phloem fibers
(b) Companion cells
(c) Phloem parenchyma
(d) Sieve tube

Answer 1

Hint: They are the vascular tissues of the plants that help in the conduction of the minerals and nutrients along with water in the plants. They are also called conduction tissues. One helps in the transportation of water while the other food.

Complete answer:
The 2 types of vascular tissues in plants are the xylem and phloem. They are the conducting tissues that are responsible for the transport of water mainly the xylem while the transport of food in plants is done by the phloem tissue. The components of the phloem are companion cells, sieve tubes, parenchyma, and fibers. Out of which phloem fibers are the dead cells.
The phloem fibers are the dead cells with spindle-shaped, having a long narrow lumen, and thick walls. They are also called blast fibers.
Sieve tube elements: They are the long, tube-like structures that are arranged longitudinally having several cells that are arranged in a sieve-like manner. They are living cells having walls made up of cellulose. They consist of cytoplasm but the nucleus is absent in them and they turn mature.
Companion cells: They are related to the sieve tubes thus they are named companion cells and are the specialized parenchymatous cells.
Phloem parenchyma: they are the elongated cells that are named living parenchymatous cells. They are cylindrical, having tapering cells.
The phloem transports food in various directions that are from the leaves to the various plant parts thus called bidirectional flow. The main function of the phloem is to transport the sugar in the storage organs.

Note:
The phloem requires energy in the form of ATP. In 1858, Carl Nageli was the first to introduce the terms xylem and phloem. The word xylon is the Greek word from which the term "xylem" was derived, meaning "wood” while the word is another Greek word from which the term phloem was derived, meaning "bark".