Question

The electron affinity of bromine atoms is equal to the ________ of bromide ion.
A. ionization potential
B. electron affinity
C. effective nuclear charge
D. electronegativity

Answer 1

Hint:The valence electron structure of atoms can be used to explain various properties of atoms. In general, properties correlate down a group of elements. Electron affinity is the energy that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.

Complete step by step answer:
Now let’s focus on the options given:
An Ionization is the process of removing an electron from an isolated atom to form a positive ion. Ionization potential is the energy to remove electrons from an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation. Its value increases with each removed electron since the attractive influence of the nucleus increases and will require more energy for the removal of an electron from positive charges. It measures how tightly electrons are bound to atoms.
Ionization potential decreases on moving down the group. While moving from left to right, ionization energy increases.
Electron affinity trends are related to that of ionization energy because both represent the energy involved in the gain or loss of an electron by an atom, respectively.
In options C and D, electronegativity and effective nuclear charge are properties of an atom. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons by itself. Effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom.
Bromide ions are formed by gaining one electron to a bromine atom. Thus it is similar to the first ionization energy of bromine.

Hence the correct option is A.

Note:
Ionization potential depends upon several factors. They are:
-Effective nuclear charge
-Atomic size
-Principal quantum number
-Shielding effect
-Half-filled and completely filled orbitals
-Nature of orbitals
-Extent of penetration of valence electrons